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Not all exceptions are created equal: Learning of exceptions in pigeons’ categorization
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review ( IF 4.412 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-07 , DOI: 10.3758/s13423-021-01912-1
Leyre Castro 1 , Seunghye Yang 1 , Olivera Savic 2 , Vladimir Sloutsky 2 , Edward Wasserman 1
Affiliation  

Learning of exceptions – those items that violate a known regularity – takes longer than learning of rule-following items. Studies reporting this disparity have used exceptions that share most of their features with members of the opposite category (crossover exceptions). Yet, exceptions can be distinctly different from members of their own category and other categories as well (oddball exceptions). Here, we trained two groups of pigeons to discriminate two categories containing regular and exception items. For one group, the exceptions were crossovers, whereas for the other, the exceptions were oddballs. Pigeons learned to classify the oddball exceptions faster than the crossover exceptions. Moreover, the regular items were learned more quickly than the crossover exceptions, but more slowly than the oddball exceptions. Deviation from the rule per se is not why exceptions are typically more difficult to learn. Rather, confusability with members of the opposite category hinders learning, whereas distinctiveness facilitates learning.



中文翻译:

并非所有的例外都是平等的:学习鸽子分类中的例外

学习异常——那些违反已知规律的项目——比学习遵守规则的项目花费更长的时间。报告这种差异的研究使用了与相反类别的成员共享其大部分特征的例外(交叉例外)。然而,异常可能与它们自己的类别和其他类别的成员明显不同(古怪的异常)。在这里,我们训练了两组鸽子来区分包含常规项目和异常项目的两个类别。对于一组,例外是交叉,而对于另一组,例外是古怪。鸽子学会了比交叉异常更快地对古怪异常进行分类。此外,常规项目的学习速度比交叉异常快,但比古怪异常慢。偏离规则本身并不是异常通常更难学习的原因。相反,与相反类别的成员混淆会阻碍学习,而独特性会促进学习。

更新日期:2021-04-08
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