Objectives

Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been widely implemented to improve self-regulation behaviors, often by targeting emotion-related constructs to facilitate change. Yet the degree to which MBIs engage specific measures of emotion-related constructs has not been systematically examined.

Methods

Using advanced meta-analytic techniques, this review examines construct and measurement engagement in trials of adults that used standardized applications of the two most established MBIs: Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), or modified variations of these interventions that met defined criteria.

Results

Seventy-two studies (N = 7,378) were included (MBSR k = 47, MBCT k = 21, modified k = 4). MBIs led to significant improvement in emotion-related processing overall, compared to inactive controls (d = 0.58; k = 36), and in all constructs assessed: depression (d = 0.66; k = 26), anxiety (d = 0.63; k = 19), combined mental health (d = 0.75; k = 7), and stress (d = 0.44; k = 11). Reactions to pain, mood states, emotion regulation, and biological measures lacked sufficient data for analysis. MBIs did not outperform active controls in any analyses. Measurement tool and population type did not moderate results, but MBI type did, in that MBCT showed stronger effects than MBSR, although these effects were driven by a small number of studies.

Conclusions

This review is the first to examine the full scope of emotion-related measures relevant to self-regulation, to determine which measures are most influenced by MBCT/MBSR. Compared to extant reviews, which typically focused on MBI outcomes, this work examined mechanistic processes based on measurement domains and tools. While effect sizes were similar among measurement tools, this review also includes a descriptive evaluation of measures and points of caution, providing guidance to MBI researchers and clinicians for selection of emotion-related measurement tools.

中文翻译：

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基于正念的干预参与的情绪相关结构：系统回顾和荟萃分析

目标

基于正念的干预 (MBI) 已被广泛实施以改善自我调节行为，通常通过针对与情绪相关的结构来促进改变。然而，尚未系统地检查 MBI 对情绪相关结构的具体测量的程度。

方法

使用先进的荟萃分析技术，本综述检查了成年人试验中的构建和测量参与，这些试验使用了两种最成熟的 MBI 的标准化应用：基于正念的压力减轻 (MBSR) 和基于正念的认知疗法 (MBCT)，或修改的变体这些干预措施符合既定标准。

结果

包括72 项研究（N = 7,378）（MBSR k = 47，MBCT k = 21，修改后的k = 4）。与不活跃的对照组相比，MBIs 总体上显着改善了情绪相关的处理（d = 0.58；k = 36），并且在所有评估的结构中：抑郁（d = 0.66；k = 26）、焦虑（d = 0.63；k = 19）、综合心理健康（d = 0.75；k = 7）和压力（d = 0.44；k= 11)。对疼痛、情绪状态、情绪调节和生物测量的反应缺乏足够的数据进行分析。MBI 在任何分析中都没有优于主动控制。测量工具和人群类型并没有缓和结果，但 MBI 类型确实如此，因为 MBCT 显示出比 MBSR 更强的影响，尽管这些影响是由少数研究驱动的。

结论

这篇综述是第一次检查与自我调节相关的情绪相关措施的全部范围，以确定哪些措施受 MBCT/MBSR 影响最大。与通常关注 MBI 结果的现有评论相比，这项工作检查了基于测量领域和工具的机械过程。虽然测量工具的效果大小相似，但本综述还包括对测量和注意点的描述性评估，为 MBI 研究人员和临床医生选择与情绪相关的测量工具提供指导。