Abstract

Rotaviruses, double-stranded, non-enveloped RNA viruses, are a global health concern, associated with acute gastroenteritis and secretory-driven watery diarrhoea, especially in infants and young children. Conventionally, rotavirus is primarily viewed as a pathogen for intestinal enterocytes. This notion is challenged, however, by data from patients and animal models documenting extra-intestinal clinical manifestations and viral replication following rotavirus infection. In addition to acute gastroenteritis, rotavirus infection has been linked to various neurological disorders, hepatitis and cholestasis, type 1 diabetes, respiratory illness, myocarditis, renal failure and thrombocytopenia. Concomitantly, molecular studies have provided insight into potential mechanisms by which rotavirus can enter and replicate in non-enterocyte cell types and evade host immune responses. Nevertheless, it is fair to say that the extra-intestinal aspect of the rotavirus infectious process is largely being overlooked by biomedical professionals, and there are gaps in the understanding of mechanisms of pathogenesis. Thus with the aim of increasing public and professional awareness we here provide a description of our current understanding of rotavirus-related extra-intestinal clinical manifestations and associated molecular pathogenesis. Further understanding of the processes involved should prove exceedingly useful for future diagnosis, treatment and prevention of rotavirus-associated disease.

摘要

轮状病毒是一种双链、无包膜的 RNA 病毒，是一个全球性的健康问题，与急性胃肠炎和分泌物驱动的水样腹泻有关，尤其是在婴儿和幼儿中。传统上，轮状病毒主要被视为肠道肠细胞的病原体。然而，这一观点受到来自患者和动物模型的数据的挑战，这些数据记录了轮状病毒感染后的肠外临床表现和病毒复制。除急性胃肠炎外，轮状病毒感染还与各种神经系统疾病、肝炎和胆汁淤积、1 型糖尿病、呼吸系统疾病、心肌炎、肾功能衰竭和血小板减少症有关。同时，分子研究提供了对轮状病毒进入非肠细胞类型并在其中复制并逃避宿主免疫反应的潜在机制的深入了解。尽管如此，可以公平地说，轮状病毒感染过程的肠外方面在很大程度上被生物医学专业人士所忽视，并且对发病机制的理解存在差距。因此，为了提高公众和专业意识，我们在此描述了我们目前对轮状病毒相关肠外临床表现和相关分子发病机制的理解。进一步了解所涉及的过程应该对未来轮状病毒相关疾病的诊断、治疗和预防非常有用。可以公平地说，轮状病毒感染过程的肠外方面在很大程度上被生物医学专业人士所忽视，并且对发病机制的理解存在差距。因此，为了提高公众和专业意识，我们在此描述了我们目前对轮状病毒相关肠外临床表现和相关分子发病机制的理解。进一步了解所涉及的过程应该对未来轮状病毒相关疾病的诊断、治疗和预防非常有用。可以公平地说，轮状病毒感染过程的肠外方面在很大程度上被生物医学专业人士所忽视，并且对发病机制的理解存在差距。因此，为了提高公众和专业意识，我们在此描述了我们目前对轮状病毒相关肠外临床表现和相关分子发病机制的理解。进一步了解所涉及的过程应该对未来轮状病毒相关疾病的诊断、治疗和预防非常有用。因此，为了提高公众和专业意识，我们在此描述了我们目前对轮状病毒相关肠外临床表现和相关分子发病机制的理解。进一步了解所涉及的过程应该对未来轮状病毒相关疾病的诊断、治疗和预防非常有用。因此，为了提高公众和专业意识，我们在此描述了我们目前对轮状病毒相关肠外临床表现和相关分子发病机制的理解。进一步了解所涉及的过程应该对未来轮状病毒相关疾病的诊断、治疗和预防非常有用。