Freshwater fish farming is the largest sub-sector of the global aquaculture industry, with its continued success dependent on the industry’s ability to be productive and sustainable. In recent years, microorganisms have been increasingly recognised for their role in the health and overall performance of aquatic organisms, providing the aquaculture industry with a promising avenue for further success. Here, we review the literature on freshwater fish microbiology to evaluate the potential for microbial research to enhance freshwater aquaculture. A systematic review revealed that the existing freshwater fish microbiology literature incorporates <1% of freshwater fish species, with most studies focussed on Cyprinidae, Salmonidae and to a lesser extent Cichlidae. Using social network analyses, this review identified 25 key research areas commonly addressed in the existing literature highlighting the narrow focus of existing studies. Microbial community structure was the most frequently researched area, followed by environment and diet. These studies often evaluated microbiota changes associated with diadromous migrations, new technologies and advancements in feed formulations. However, research areas, such as the role of microorganisms in fish fecundity, omega-3 content, sustainability and palatability, were underrepresented in the literature despite their influence on aquaculture success. These underrepresented research areas are examples of where additional investments in microbial research are needed to ensure the continued expansion and success of freshwater aquaculture.

中文翻译：

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微生物组研究提高养殖淡水鱼质量和产量的机会

淡水鱼养殖是全球水产养殖业最大的子行业，其持续成功取决于该行业的生产力和可持续性。近年来，微生物在水生生物的健康和整体性能中的作用越来越得到认可，为水产养殖业提供了进一步成功的有希望的途径。在这里，我们回顾了淡水鱼微生物学的文献，以评估微生物研究在加强淡水水产养殖方面的潜力。一项系统审查显示，现有的淡水鱼微生物学文献包含 <1% 的淡水鱼种类，大多数研究集中在鲤科、鲑科和较小程度上的丽鱼科。使用社交网络分析，本综述确定了现有文献中常见的 25 个关键研究领域，突出了现有研究的狭窄焦点。微生物群落结构是最常研究的领域，其次是环境和饮食。这些研究经常评估与双向迁移、新技术和饲料配方进步相关的微生物群变化。然而，研究领域，例如微生物在鱼类繁殖力、omega-3 含量、可持续性和适口性中的作用，尽管对水产养殖的成功有影响，但在文献中的代表性不足。这些代表性不足的研究领域是需要对微生物研究进行额外投资以确保淡水水产养殖的持续扩张和成功的例子。