Ethiopia is at the edge of the distribution for African wild rice, Oryza longistaminata. Here, chloroplast (cp) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were applied to wild rice accessions in Ethiopia to evaluate how they differ from control O. longistaminata, O. barthii and O. glaberrima accessions which originated from African countries. Based on the cp genomes of African wild rice species, maternally inherited cpINDEL markers were developed. The cp indels helped to elucidate 20 plastid types. African cultivated rice shared a particular plastid type with one of annual O. barthii. Parts of northern wild rice in Ethiopia shared Type 6 with control O. longistaminata. The north group shared another type with parts of the south group. The 16 SSR markers amplified a total of 155 alleles in 215 rice accessions, with mean allelic richness of 9.688 per locus, observed heterozygosity of 0.241, expected heterozygosity of 0.724, polymorphic information content of 0.700, and a significant genetic differentiation of 0.215. Both cpINDEL and nuclear markers analyses suggested that wild rice in Ethiopia belongs to O. longistaminata. However, they carry both a unique plastid type and different population structure from control O. longistaminata collected from other areas in Africa. We concluded that the edge of its distribution maintains unique variation. These populations are regarded as valuable genetic resources for future rice breeding.

埃塞俄比亚处于非洲野生稻长稻Oryza longistaminata的边缘。在这里，将叶绿体（cp）和简单序列重复（SSR）标记应用于埃塞俄比亚的野生稻种，以评估它们与源自非洲国家的对照O. longistaminata，O。barthii和O. glaberrima种的区别。基于非洲野生稻种的cp基因组，开发了母系遗传的cpINDEL标记。cp indels有助于阐明20种质体类型。非洲栽培稻与一年生O. barthii共有一种特殊的质体类型。埃塞俄比亚北部野生稻的部分地区与对照O. longistaminata共享6型。北方集团与南方集团的某些部分共享另一种类型。这16个SSR标记在215个水稻品种中扩增了155个等位基因，平均等位基因丰富度为每个位点9.688，观察到的杂合度为0.241，预期的杂合度为0.724，多态信息含量为0.700，显着的遗传分化为0.215。cpINDEL和核标记的分析都表明埃塞俄比亚的野生稻属于O. longistaminata。但是，它们既具有独特的质体类型，又具有与从非洲其他地区收集的对照长曲霉（O. longistaminata）不同的种群结构。我们得出的结论是，其分布的边缘保持了独特的变化。这些种群被认为是未来水稻育种的宝贵遗传资源。