End 2019, the zoonotic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), named COVID-19 for coronavirus disease 2019, is the third adaptation of a contagious virus following the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in 2002, SARS-CoV, and the Middle East respiratory syndrome virus in 2012, MERS-CoV. COVID-19 is highly infectious and virulent compared to previous outbreaks. We review sources, contagious routes, preventive measures, pandemic, outbreak, epidemiology of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 from 2002 to 2020 using a Medline search. We discuss the chronology of the three coronaviruses, the vulnerability of healthcare workers, coronaviruses on surface and in wastewater, diagnostics and cures, and measures to prevent spreading.

2019 年底，人畜共患严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2)，被命名为 2019 年冠状病毒病 COVID-19，是继 2002 年严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒、SARS-CoV、以及2012年的中东呼吸综合征病毒MERS-CoV。与之前的爆发相比，COVID-19 具有高度传染性和毒性。我们使用 Medline 搜索回顾了 2002 年至 2020 年 SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV 和 SARS-CoV-2 的来源、传染途径、预防措施、大流行、爆发、流行病学。我们讨论了三种冠状病毒的时间顺序、医护人员的脆弱性、地表和废水中的冠状病毒、诊断和治疗以及防止传播的措施。