Investigation of an alternative source of the nonrenewable energy is attracting the world attention nowadays. The fruits and leaves biomass of Calotropis procera were exposed to sequential pretreatment processes. First, a successive pretreatment with an organic solvent (hexane/methanol) yielded biocrude and plant spent residues fractions. The plant spent residues fractions were exposed to successive acid/alkali (1% H₂SO₄/2% NaOH) pretreatment to yield spent residues of fruits (SRF) and leaves (SRL). The amount of cellulose content of the sequential pretreated SRF and SRL were 87.3 and 83.4%, respectively. The hydrolysis process of 10 g of the sequential pretreated SRF and SRL by Sternzym cellulase produced 80.2 and 50.4 g/L of total reduced sugars, respectively. The reduced sugars were then fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae (MN901244) for bioethanol production. The HPLC analysis showed 38.9 and 23.8 g/L of bioethanol yields from sequential pretreated SRF and SRL, respectively. The GC/MS analysis of methanol and hexane biocrude fractions revealed the presence of 20 and 12% of fatty acids, respectively, which would be promising amounts for biodiesel production after esterification. So, the present study suggested a low-cost nonedible plant biomass (Calotropis procera) as a biorefinery for production of renewable bioethanol.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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含乳胶的植物（Calotropis procera）作为生产生物乙醇的生物精炼厂

如今，对不可再生能源的替代来源的研究正引起世界关注。Calotropis procera的果实和叶片生物量进行顺序预处理。首先，用有机溶剂（己烷/甲醇）进行连续预处理产生了生物粗品和植物废渣部分。将植物废残留物馏分暴露于连续的酸/碱（1％H ₂ SO ₄/ 2％NaOH）预处理以产生水果（SRF）和叶子（SRL）的废渣。顺序预处理的SRF和SRL的纤维素含量分别为87.3％和83.4％。Sternzym纤维素酶对10 g顺序预处理的SRF和SRL的水解过程分别产生了80.2 g / L和50.4 g / L的总还原糖。然后用酿酒酵母发酵还原的糖。（MN901244）用于生物乙醇生产。HPLC分析显示，连续预处理的SRF和SRL的生物乙醇收率分别为38.9和23.8 g / L。甲醇和己烷生物粗品馏分的GC / MS分析表明，分别存在20％和12％的脂肪酸​​，这对于酯化后生产生物柴油很有希望。因此，本研究提出了一种低成本的非食用植物生物量（Calotropis procera）作为生产可再生生物乙醇的生物精炼厂。

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