With the enormous amount of oil palm frond (OPF) left unused in an oil palm plantation, this study proposed to develop the process for ethanol and acetic acid production from OPF juice (pH 4.83) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR5055 and Acetobacter aceti at room temperature (30±2 °C) for 72 h. Among three different fermentation modes tested, single- and two-stage fermentation produced only ethanol, while simultaneous fermentation exhibited both ethanol and acetic acid production. The yields of 0.39 g ethanol/g glucose and 0.88 g acetic acid/g ethanol were achieved with 76% and 68% of the theoretical yields. Simultaneous fermentation of OPF juice under different shaking speeds and aeration rates revealed no shaking (static) and no aeration were the optimum conditions for ethanol production (19.59 g/L). Shaking at 180 rpm and aeration at 0.5–1.0 vvm exhibited the highest acetic acid production with yields of 0.95–1.16 g acetic acid/g ethanol (73–89 % of the theoretical yields). In addition, the aeration rate had a profound effect on acetic acid production rate with 9.0-fold increase as the aeration rate increased from 0 to 0.5 vvm. The culture filtrate from acetic acid production was analyzed to contain 15 compounds that could be chemically grouped into alcohols, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and alkanes, with acetic acid as the most abundant (54.6%). Interestingly, the culture filtrate had the efficacy to suppress the growth of Ceratocystis paradoxa TT1, causing black seed rot disease in oil palm with the effective dose (100% inhibition) at 0.20% and 0.50% (v/v) acetic acid in liquid and solid culture, respectively. Therefore, OPF juice without nutrient supplementation could be used as an alternative fermentation medium for ethanol and acetic acid production with high potential exploitation of the acetic acid culture filtrate as an antifungal agent against black seed rot disease.

鉴于油棕种植园中有大量未使用的油棕叶（OPF），本研究建议开发使用酿酒酵母TISTR5055和醋醋杆菌从OPF汁液（pH 4.83）中生产乙醇和乙酸的工艺在室温（30±2°C）下放置72小时。在测试的三种不同发酵模式中，单阶段发酵和两阶段发酵仅产生乙醇，而同时发酵则同时产生乙醇和乙酸。获得了0.39 g乙醇/ g葡萄糖和0.88 g乙酸/ g乙醇的产率，理论产率分别为76％和68％。OPF果汁在不同的摇动速度和充气速率下同时发酵显示无摇动（静态），并且无充气是生产乙醇的最佳条件（19.59 g / L）。以180 rpm摇动和以0.5–1.0 vvm的通气量显示出最高的乙酸产量，乙酸产量为0.95-1.16 g乙酸/ g乙醇（理论产量的73-89％）。另外，曝气速率对乙酸生产速率有深远的影响，为9。随着曝气速率从0 vvm增加到0.5 vvm，增加0倍。分析了来自乙酸生产的培养滤液，其中包含15种可以化学分组为醇，烯烃，芳烃和烷烃的化合物，其中乙酸含量最高（54.6％）。有趣的是，培养滤液具有抑制细菌生长的功效。Ceratocystis paradoxa TT1，在油棕中以0.20％和0.50％（v / v）的乙酸在液体和固体培养物中的有效剂量（100％抑制）引起油棕黑种子腐烂病。因此，不添加营养物的OPF汁液可以用作生产乙醇和乙酸的替代发酵培养基，而乙酸培养滤液作为抗黑种子腐烂病的抗真菌剂具有很高的开发潜力。