The contrast-avoidance model (CAM) originally described emotion-regulation patterns in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), proposing that chronic worry maintains negative emotionality, thus attenuating strong shifts into negative emotion (emotional contrasts) as a result of adverse events. Rumination may function similarly in depression, although this proposal requires further research. In this study, we aimed to (a) test the transdiagnostic applicability of the CAM and (b) enhance ecological validity of the CAM using personally relevant in vivo exposures. Participants were assigned to worry, rumination, relaxation, or neutral inductions, then engaged in a challenging task followed by false-negative performance feedback. Relative to baseline, worry and rumination both increased negative emotionality, which significantly reduced emotional contrast in response to failure feedback. Furthermore, participants in the GAD-analogue group experienced prior worry as helpful in coping with failure feedback, and participants in the MDD-analogue group reported rumination as helpful relative to comparison inductions. Overall, findings support the transdiagnostic application of CAM.

对比规避模型（CAM）最初描述了广泛性焦虑症（GAD）中的情绪调节模式，提出慢性忧虑保持了消极情绪，从而减弱了由于不良事件导致的向消极情绪的强烈转变（情绪对比）。尽管该提议需要进一步研究，但反刍在抑郁症中的作用可能相似。在这项研究中，我们旨在（a）使用个人相关的体内暴露量来测试CAM的透诊断性适用性，以及（b）提高CAM的生态有效性。参与者被分配为忧虑，沉思，放松或中性诱导，然后从事具有挑战性的任务，然后进行假阴性的绩效反馈。相对于基线，忧虑和反省都增加了负面情绪，从而显着降低了对失败反馈的情绪反差。此外，GAD-模拟组的参与者经历过先前的担忧对于应对失败反馈很有帮助，而MDD-模拟组的参与者报告了沉思相对于比较归纳法是有用的。总体而言，研究结果支持CAM的转诊应用。