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Wandering of the central black hole in a galactic nucleus and correlation of the black hole mass with the bulge mass
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-18 , DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psab009
Hajime Inoue 1
Affiliation  

We investigate a mechanism for a super-massive black hole at the center of a galaxy to wander in the nucleus region. A situation is supposed in which the central black hole tends to move by the gravitational attractions from the nearby molecular clouds in a nuclear bulge but is braked via the dynamical frictions from the ambient stars there. We estimate the approximate kinetic energy of the black hole in an equilibrium between the energy gain rate through the gravitational attractions and the energy loss rate through the dynamical frictions in a nuclear bulge composed of a nuclear stellar disk and a nuclear stellar cluster as observed from our Galaxy. The wandering distance of the black hole in the gravitational potential of the nuclear bulge is evaluated to get as large as several 10 pc, when the black hole mass is relatively small. The distance, however, shrinks as the black hole mass increases, and the equilibrium solution between the energy gain and loss disappears when the black hole mass exceeds an upper limit. As a result, we can expect the following scenario for the evolution of the black hole mass: When the black hole mass is smaller than the upper limit, mass accretion of the interstellar matter in the circumnuclear region, causing the AGN activities, makes the black hole mass larger. However, when the mass gets to the upper limit, the black hole loses the balancing force against the dynamical friction and starts spiraling downward to the gravity center. From simple parameter scaling, the upper mass limit of the black hole is found to be proportional to the bulge mass, and this could explain the observed correlation of the black hole mass with the bulge mass.

中文翻译:

星系核中心黑洞的游荡及黑洞质量与核球质量的相关性

我们研究了星系中心的超大质量黑洞在核心区域游荡的机制。假设存在这样一种情况,即中央黑洞倾向于通过核球中附近分子云的引力移动,但通过周围恒星的动力摩擦而被制动。我们估计黑洞的近似动能在通过引力吸引的能量增益率和通过由核星盘和核星团组成的核球中的动力摩擦的能量损失率之间的平衡中,正如我们观察到的那样星系。当黑洞质量相对较小时,黑洞在核球引力势中的漂移距离被评估为大到几十个 pc。距离,但随着黑洞质量的增加而缩小,当黑洞质量超过上限时,能量得失之间的平衡解就消失了。因此,我们可以预期黑洞质量演化的情景如下:当黑洞质量小于上限时,环核区域星际物质的质量吸积,引起活动星系核的活动,使黑孔质量较大。然而,当质量达到上限时,黑洞失去了对抗动力摩擦的平衡力,并开始螺旋下降到重心。通过简单的参数缩放,发现黑洞的质量上限与核球质量成正比,这可以解释观察到的黑洞质量与核球质量的相关性。随着黑洞质量的增加而收缩,当黑洞质量超过上限时,能量得失之间的平衡解消失。因此,我们可以预期黑洞质量演化的情景如下:当黑洞质量小于上限时,环核区域星际物质的质量吸积,引起活动星系核的活动,使黑孔质量较大。然而,当质量达到上限时,黑洞失去了对抗动力摩擦的平衡力,并开始螺旋下降到重心。通过简单的参数缩放,发现黑洞的质量上限与核球质量成正比,这可以解释观察到的黑洞质量与核球质量的相关性。随着黑洞质量的增加而收缩,当黑洞质量超过上限时,能量得失之间的平衡解消失。因此,我们可以预期黑洞质量演化的情景如下:当黑洞质量小于上限时,环核区域星际物质的质量吸积,引起活动星系核的活动,使黑孔质量较大。然而,当质量达到上限时,黑洞失去了对抗动力摩擦的平衡力,并开始螺旋下降到重心。通过简单的参数缩放,发现黑洞的质量上限与核球质量成正比,这可以解释观察到的黑洞质量与核球质量的相关性。当黑洞质量超过上限时,能量得失平衡解消失。因此,我们可以预期黑洞质量演化的情景如下:当黑洞质量小于上限时,环核区域星际物质的质量吸积,引起活动星系核的活动,使黑孔质量较大。然而,当质量达到上限时,黑洞失去了对抗动力摩擦的平衡力,并开始螺旋下降到重心。通过简单的参数缩放,发现黑洞的质量上限与核球质量成正比,这可以解释观察到的黑洞质量与核球质量的相关性。当黑洞质量超过上限时,能量得失平衡解消失。因此,我们可以预期黑洞质量演化的情景如下:当黑洞质量小于上限时,环核区域星际物质的质量吸积,引起活动星系核的活动,使黑孔质量较大。然而,当质量达到上限时,黑洞失去了对抗动力摩擦的平衡力,并开始螺旋下降到重心。通过简单的参数缩放,发现黑洞的质量上限与核球质量成正比,这可以解释观察到的黑洞质量与核球质量的相关性。
更新日期:2021-01-18
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