Drought is one of the most important environmental stresses that can adversely influence soil properties, plant growth, and productivity of agricultural crops including eggplant as an important vegetable crop. In recent years, the use of agricultural wastes has been reported as a beneficial and sustainable measure in soil water retention and fertility enhancement. In this study, the effect of date palm and pistachio biochar, vermicompost and a combination of biochar and vermicompost was evaluated on eggplant growth, yield and water use efficiency under deficit irrigation. The experiment was done in a split-split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications and under open field conditions. The main plot was deficit irrigation in three levels of 100, 75 and 50% of plant water requirement (PWR), and the sub-plots were vermicompost in two levels of 0, 1500 g m−2, and biochar in three levels of 0, 500 g m−2 of the pistachio biochar and 500 g m−2 of the date palm biochar. The results showed that soil amendment with vermicompost and pistachio biochar and 100% PWR showed the best plant growth and performance. The early crop yield was highest under pistachio biochar and 50% PWR, while the total plant yield was highest under combined application of vermicompost and pistachio biochar at 100% PWR. The plant water use efficiency was maximum under mixed application of vermicompost and pistachio biochar at 50% PWR. Application of both pistachio biochar and vermicompost at 100% PWR resulted in the highest leaf concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron and manganese. The highest levels of physiologically important stress metabolites, including malondialdehyde, guaiacol peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes were found in treatments without amendments or only with vermicompost and 50% PWR. The results indicate that under normal and particularly water deficit conditions, vermicompost and biochar increased eggplant vegetative growth, yield and water use efficiency.

中文翻译：

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生物炭和蚯蚓提高茄子的生长和生理性状（茄子下充分灌溉L.）

干旱是最重要的环境压力之一，可能会对土壤特性，植物生长以及包括茄子在内的农作物等重要农作物的生产力产生不利影响。近年来，已报道使用农业废物是在土壤保水和提高肥力方面的有益且可持续的措施。在这项研究中，评估了枣椰子和开心果生物炭，ver菜以及生物炭和ver菜的组合对缺水灌溉条件下茄子生长，产量和水分利用效率的影响。该实验是在开放式条件下，基于具有三个重复的随机完整块设计的分割图进行的。主要情节是分别在植物需水量（PWR）的100％，75％和50％的三个水平上进行亏缺灌溉，子图分别以0、1500 g m-2的两个水平的ver堆和开心果生物炭的0、500 g m-2的水平和500 g m-2的枣椰生物炭的三个水平的生物炭组成。结果表明，用ver粉和开心果生物炭和100％PWR的土壤改良剂显示出最佳的植物生长和性能。在开心果生物炭和50％PWR的情况下，早期作物的产量最高，而在ver草和开心果生物炭的100％PWR的组合施用下，植物的总产量最高。在50％PWR的条件下混合施用ver粉和开心果生物炭时，植物的水分利用效率最高。以100％PWR施用开心果生物炭和ver堆肥可导致最高的叶片氮，磷，钾，铁和锰浓度。生理上重要的应激代谢物的最高水平，包括丙二醛，愈创木酚过氧化物酶，超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶在内的治疗未经修饰或仅使用ver粉和50％PWR的治疗中发现。结果表明，在正常且特别是缺水的条件下，ver菜和生物炭增加了茄子的营养生长，产量和水分利用效率。