The central role of the resident innate immune cells of the brain (microglia) in neurodegeneration has become clear over the past few years largely through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and has rapidly become an active area of research. However, a mechanistic understanding (gene to function) has lagged behind. That is now beginning to change, as exemplified by a number of recent exciting and important reports that provide insight into the function of two key gene products – TREM2 (Triggering Receptor Expressed On Myeloid Cells 2) and PLCγ2 (Phospholipase C gamma2) – in microglia, and their role in neurodegenerative disorders. In this review we explore and discuss these recent advances and the opportunities that they may provide for the development of new therapies.

中文翻译：

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免疫细胞中的 TREM2/PLCγ2 信号传导：功能、结构洞察和潜在的治疗调节

大脑的固有先天免疫细胞（小胶质细胞）在神经退行性疾病中的核心作用在过去几年主要通过全基因组关联研究 (GWAS) 变得清晰，并迅速成为一个活跃的研究领域。然而，对机制的理解（基因到功能）已经落后了。现在这种情况开始发生变化，正如最近的一些令人兴奋和重要的报告所证明的那样，这些报告提供了对小胶质细胞中两种关键基因产物 TREM2（在髓样细胞 2 上表达的触发受体）和 PLCγ2（磷脂酶 C γ2）的功能的洞察，以及它们在神经退行性疾病中的作用。在这篇综述中，我们探索和讨论了这些最新进展以及它们可能为开发新疗法提供的机会。