In the case of people who carry an increased number of anxiety traits and maladaptive coping strategies, psychosocial stressors may further increase the level of perceived stress they experience. In our research study, we aimed to examine the levels of perceived stress and health anxiety as well as coping styles among university students amid the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online-based survey at the University of Debrecen during the official lockdown in Hungary when dormitories were closed, and teaching was conducted remotely. Our questionnaire solicited data using three assessment tools, namely, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ), and the Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI). A total of 1320 students have participated in our study and 31 non-eligible responses were excluded. Among the remaining 1289 participants, 948 (73.5%) and 341 (26.5%) were Hungarian and international students, respectively. Female students predominated the overall sample with 920 participants (71.4%). In general, there was a statistically significant positive relationship between perceived stress and health anxiety. Health anxiety and perceived stress levels were significantly higher among international students compared to domestic ones. Regarding coping, wishful thinking was associated with higher levels of stress and anxiety among international students, while being a goal-oriented person acted the opposite way. Among the domestic students, cognitive restructuring as a coping strategy was associated with lower levels of stress and anxiety. Concerning health anxiety, female students (domestic and international) had significantly higher levels of health anxiety compared to males. Moreover, female students had significantly higher levels of perceived stress compared to males in the international group, however, there was no significant difference in perceived stress between males and females in the domestic group. The elevated perceived stress levels during major life events can be further deepened by disengagement from home (being away/abroad from country or family) and by using inadequate coping strategies. By following and adhering to the international recommendations, adopting proper coping methods, and equipping oneself with the required coping and stress management skills, the associated high levels of perceived stress and anxiety could be mitigated.

中文翻译：

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在COVID-19阴影下的健康焦虑感，压力感和应对方式

如果人们的焦虑特征和适应不良的策略增多，心理社会压力源可能会进一步增加他们所感受到的压力水平。在我们的研究中，我们旨在研究在COVID-19大流行期间大学生的感知压力和健康焦虑水平以及应对方式。在匈牙利官方禁闭期间，关闭宿舍并远程进行教学时，在德布勒森大学使用在线调查进行了横断面研究。我们的问卷使用三种评估工具收集数据，即压力感知量表（PSS），应对方式问卷（WCQ）和短期健康焦虑量表（SHAI）。共有1320名学生参加了我们的研究，其中31项不合格的回答被排除在外。在其余的1289名参与者中，分别有948名（73.5％）和341名（26.5％）来自匈牙利和国际学生。在整个样本中，女生为920名参与者（占71.4％）。一般而言，感知到的压力与健康焦虑之间存在统计学上显着的正相关关系。与国内学生相比，国际学生的健康焦虑和感知压力水平明显更高。在应对方面，一厢情愿的想法与国际学生的压力和焦虑加剧有关，而作为一个面向目标的人则相反。在国内学生中，作为应对策略的认知重建与较低水平的压力和焦虑有关。关于健康焦虑，女学生（国内和国际学生）的健康焦虑水平明显高于男性。此外，在国际组中，女学生的感知压力水平明显高于男性，但是，在国内组中，男女之间的感知压力没有显着差异。通过脱离家庭（远离国家或家庭出国）和使用不足的应对策略，可以进一步加深重大生活事件中升高的感知压力水平。通过遵循并遵守国际建议，采用适当的应对方法，并具备所需的应对和压力管理技能，可以减轻相关的高水平的感知压力和焦虑感。与男生相比，女学生（国内和国际学生）的健康焦虑水平明显更高。此外，在国际组中，女学生的感知压力水平明显高于男性，但是，在国内组中，男女之间的感知压力没有显着差异。通过脱离家庭（远离国家或家庭出国）和使用不足的应对策略，可以进一步加深重大生活事件中升高的感知压力水平。通过遵循并遵守国际建议，采用适当的应对方法，并具备所需的应对和压力管理技能，可以减轻相关的高水平的感知压力和焦虑感。与男生相比，女学生（国内和国际学生）的健康焦虑水平明显更高。此外，在国际组中，女学生的感知压力水平明显高于男性，但是，在国内组中，男女之间的感知压力没有显着差异。通过脱离家庭（远离国家或家庭出国）和使用不足的应对策略，可以进一步加深重大生活事件中升高的感知压力水平。通过遵循并遵守国际建议，采用适当的应对方法，并具备所需的应对和压力管理技能，可以减轻相关的高水平的感知压力和焦虑感。