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Human language evolution: a view from theoretical linguistics on how syntax and the lexicon first came into being
Primates ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-05 , DOI: 10.1007/s10329-021-00891-0
Haruka Fujita 1 , Koji Fujita 1
Affiliation  

Human language is a multi-componential function comprising several sub-functions each of which may have evolved in other species independently of language. Among them, two sub-functions, or modules, have been claimed to be truly unique to the humans, namely hierarchical syntax (known as “Merge” in linguistics) and the “lexicon.” This kind of species-specificity stands as a hindrance to our natural understanding of human language evolution. Here we challenge this issue and advance our hypotheses on how human syntax and lexicon may have evolved from pre-existing cognitive capacities in our ancestors and other species including but not limited to nonhuman primates. Specifically, we argue that Merge evolved from motor action planning, and that the human lexicon with the distinction between lexical and functional categories evolved from its predecessors found in animal cognition through a process we call “disintegration.” We build our arguments on recent developments in generative grammar but crucially depart from some of its core ideas by borrowing insights from other relevant disciplines. Most importantly, we maintain that every sub-function of human language keeps evolutionary continuity with other species’ cognitive capacities and reject a saltational emergence of language in favor of its gradual evolution. By doing so, we aim to offer a firm theoretical background on which a promising scenario of language evolution can be constructed.



中文翻译:

人类语言进化:从理论语言学看句法和词典是如何产生的

人类语言是一种多成分功能,包括几个子功能,每个子功能都可能在其他物种中独立于语言而进化。其中,有两个子功能或模块被认为是人类真正独有的,即分层句法(在语言学中称为“合并”)和“词典”。这种物种特异性阻碍了我们对人类语言进化的自然理解。在这里,我们挑战这个问题并提出我们的假设,即人类句法和词汇可能是如何从我们的祖先和其他物种(包括但不限于非人类灵长类动物)预先存在的认知能力进化而来的。具体来说,我们认为合并是从运动行动计划演变而来的,并且区分词汇和功能类别的人类词汇是从动物认知中发现的前辈通过我们称之为“解体”的过程演变而来的。我们基于生成语法的最新发展建立我们的论点,但通过借鉴其他相关学科的见解,关键偏离了它的一些核心思想。最重要的是,我们认为人类语言的每个子功能都与其他物种的认知能力保持进化连续性,并拒绝语言的跳跃式出现,以支持其逐渐进化。通过这样做,我们的目标是提供一个坚实的理论背景,在此基础上可以构建一个有希望的语言进化场景。” 我们基于生成语法的最新发展建立我们的论点,但通过借鉴其他相关学科的见解,关键偏离了它的一些核心思想。最重要的是,我们认为人类语言的每个子功能都与其他物种的认知能力保持进化连续性,并拒绝语言的跳跃式出现,以支持其逐渐进化。通过这样做,我们的目标是提供一个坚实的理论背景,在此基础上可以构建一个有希望的语言进化场景。” 我们基于生成语法的最新发展建立我们的论点,但通过借鉴其他相关学科的见解,关键偏离了它的一些核心思想。最重要的是,我们认为人类语言的每个子功能都与其他物种的认知能力保持进化连续性,并拒绝语言的跳跃式出现,以支持其逐渐进化。通过这样做,我们的目标是提供一个坚实的理论背景,在此基础上可以构建一个有希望的语言进化场景。

更新日期:2021-04-06
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