The aim of this study was to assess the quality and characterise a selection of honey varieties with the use of physicochemical, FTIR, and chemometric analysis. The research material consisted of monofloral nectar honeys of 5 distinct varieties: black locust, raspberry, oilseed rape, linden, and buckwheat. The contents of water, soluble solids, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, free acidity, pH, electrical conductivity, and water activity were measured. Infrared spectra were measured within the spectra range from 3700 to 780 cm⁻¹. The obtained results from the FTIR measurements for selected honeys showed the greatest changes in the area of the band maxima: 3333, 1641, 1453, 1248, 1184, 1033, and 985 cm⁻¹. The identification of the origin and chemometric analyses were provided for the spectral regions with the maxima at approximately 3333 and 1641 cm⁻¹ (vibrations from water fractions), 2935 and 2885 cm⁻¹ (symmetrical and asymmetrical vibrations of the -CH₂ and -CH₃ groups), as well as the fingerprint region where varying intensities of the characteristic bands were observed. Chemometric analysis of the FTIR spectra confirmed the high quality of the analysed honey varieties as well as the differences also in their sugar fractions. The results obtained after employing PCA in the spectroscopic analysis of infrared spectra evidence high applicability of the methods of multi-dimensional statistical analysis in the determination of discrepancies, similarities, and structural characteristics of any given type of honey. A catalogue of FTIR spectra can be created to allow fast and cost-effective identification of honeys, compared to traditional methods.

本研究的目的是利用物理化学、FTIR 和化学计量分析来评估精选蜂蜜品种的质量和特征。研究材料由 5 个不同品种的单花花蜜组成：刺槐蜂蜜、覆盆子蜂蜜、油菜蜂蜜、椴树蜂蜜和荞麦蜂蜜。测量水、可溶性固形物、5-羟甲基糠醛、游离酸度、pH、电导率和水分活度的含量。 在3700至780cm ^-1的光谱范围内测量红外光谱。从所选蜂蜜的 FTIR 测量中获得的结果显示带最大值面积的最大变化：3333、1641、1453、1248、1184、1033 和 985  cm ^-1。为光谱区域提供了起源和化学计量分析的鉴定，其最大值在大约3333和1641  cm ^-1 (来自水部分的振动)、2935和2885  cm ^-1 (-CH ₂和-的对称和不对称振动)。 CH ₃组），以及观察到特征带强度不同的指纹区域。FTIR 光谱的化学计量分析证实了所分析的蜂蜜品种的高质量及其糖分含量的差异。在红外光谱分析中采用主成分分析（PCA）后获得的结果证明多维统计分析方法在确定任何给定类型蜂蜜的差异、相似性和结构特征方面具有高度适用性。与传统方法相比，可以创建 FTIR 光谱目录，以便快速且经济高效地鉴定蜂蜜。