A 3D printed adhesive and conductive hydrogel with super-anti-freezing property is reported. This hydrogel exhibits excellent stretchability (elongation up to 3920%), outstanding adhesive behavior (adhesion strength up to 61 kPa), as well as marvelous anti-freezing ability (glass transition temperature as low as −96.3 °C). The present 3D printed hydrogel can be used as a sensor with a broad strain range to monitor human motions, slight physiological changes even at an extremely low temperature of −80 °C. Moreover, the hydrogel based self-adhesive electrodes can adhere to human skin directly to collect electrocardiogram, electro-oculogram and electromyogram signals accurately, promising the hydrogel electrodes to serve as a human-machine interface for controlling synchronized motion of anthropomorphic robots, exemplified by playing the piano. We also show that fingers of extraman can be precisely controlled via the self-adhesive hydrogel electrodes even at extremely low temperature of −80 °C. Therefore, the hydrogel fabricated by 3D printing is supposed to have promising potential applications in wearable devices, human-machine interactions, and intelligent bio-electronics, especially under harsh environmental conditions such as extreme low temperature.

据报道，具有超强防冻性能的3D打印粘合剂和导电水凝胶。这种水凝胶具有出色的拉伸性（伸长率高达3920％），出色的粘合性能（高达61 kPa的粘合强度）以及出色的抗冻能力（玻璃化转变温度低至-96.3°C）。本发明的3D打印水凝胶可以用作具有宽应变范围的传感器，即使在极低的-80°C温度下，也可以监测人体运动和轻微的生理变化。此外，基于水凝胶的自粘电极可以直接粘附在人体皮肤上，以准确地收集心电图，眼电位图和肌电图信号，从而有望将水凝胶电极用作人机界面来控制拟人机器人的同步运动，例如玩耍钢琴。我们还表明，即使在极低的-80°C温度下，也可以通过自粘水凝胶电极精确控制Extraman的手指。因此，通过3D打印制造的水凝胶被认为在可穿戴设备，人机交互和智能生物电子学中具有广阔的应用前景，尤其是在极端环境下（例如极端低温）。