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Neural substrates of the executive function construct, age-related changes, and task materials in adolescents and adults: ALE meta-analyses of 408 fMRI studies
Developmental Science ( IF 4.939 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-04 , DOI: 10.1111/desc.13111
Zheng Zhang 1 , Peng Peng 1 , Simon B Eickhoff 2, 3 , Xin Lin 1 , Delong Zhang 4 , Yingying Wang 5
Affiliation  

To explore the neural substrates of executive function (EF), we conducted an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of 408 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies (9639 participants, 7587 activation foci, 518 experimental contrasts) covering three fundamental EF subcomponents: inhibition, switching, and working memory. Our results found that activation common to all three EF subcomponents converged in the multiple-demand network across adolescence and adulthood. The function of EF with the multiple-demand network involved, especially for the prefrontal cortex and the parietal regions, could not be mature until adulthood. In adolescents, only working memory could be separable from common EF, whereas in adults, the three EF subcomponents could be separable from common EF. However, findings of switching in adolescents should be treated with substantial caution and may be exploratory due to limited data available on switching tasks. For task materials, inhibition and working memory showed both domain generality and domain specificity, undergirded by the multiple-demand network, as well as different brain regions in response to verbal and nonverbal task materials, respectively. In contrast, switching showed only domain generality with no activation specialized for either verbal or nonverbal task materials. These findings, taken together, support and contribute to the unitary–diverse nature of EF such that EF should be interpreted in an integrative model that relies on the integration of the EF construct, development, and task materials.

中文翻译:

青少年和成人执行功能结构、年龄相关变化和任务材料的神经基质:408 项 fMRI 研究的 ALE 荟萃分析

为了探索执行功能 (EF) 的神经基质,我们对 408 项功能性磁共振成像研究(9639 名参与者、7587 个激活灶、518 个实验对比)进行了激活似然估计荟萃分析,涵盖三个基本 EF 子组件:抑制、转换、和工作记忆。我们的结果发现,所有三个 EF 子组件共有的激活在青春期和成年期的多需求网络中收敛。EF 涉及多需求网络的功能,特别是前额叶皮层和顶叶区域,直到成年才能成熟。在青少年中,只有工作记忆可以与普通 EF 分离,而在成人中,三个 EF 子成分可以与普通 EF 分离。然而,青少年转换的结果应该非常谨慎地对待,并且由于转换任务的可用数据有限,可能是探索性的。对于任务材料,抑制和工作记忆在多需求网络的支持下,表现出领域普遍性和领域特异性,以及分别响应语言和非语言任务材料的不同大脑区域。相比之下,切换仅显示领域普遍性,没有针对语言或非语言任务材料的专门激活。这些发现加在一起,支持并促进了 EF 的单一-多样化性质,因此 EF 应该在一个依赖于 EF 构造、开发和任务材料的整合的综合模型中进行解释。
更新日期:2021-04-04
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