1. The implementation of marine protected areas (MPAs) has been widely used as a tool to manage and conserve marine resources and services. Yet, to date, the reserve effect is still weakly evaluated, particularly for soft-sediment habitats.
2. The Arrábida MPA, considered as a biodiversity hotspot, was fully established in 2009 on the west coast of Portugal and is characterized by large expanses of soft-sediment habitats. This MPA was established to protect biodiversity and to ensure the livelihood of the local small-scale fisheries community.
3. Beyond before–after-control–impact (BACI) analyses were carried out on catch data (abundance and biomass) of 351 trammel net sets from experimental fishing campaigns (2007–2019) to study the reserve effect on demersal fish populations.
4. The results show a declining trend in abundance inside and outside the protected area, with significant positive effects only found for undersize commercial species and Solea senegalensis, and a general increase in fish species total length. Despite the lack of any obvious reserve effect, the increase in fish length can be considered as a first sign.
5. Anthropogenic pressures are generalized around the area, and transgressions of the restrictions are frequently observed inside the no-take zone. These can, among other aspects, delay or prevent the expected reserve effects. Therefore, enforcement and/or modification of the spatial plan must be incentivized to achieve the goals of the MPA.

中文翻译：

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东北大西洋小型海洋保护区（葡萄牙阿拉比达）对软沉积物鱼类物种的储备影响

1. 海洋保护区 (MPA) 的实施已被广泛用作管理和保护海洋资源和服务的工具。然而，迄今为止，对储备效应的评估仍然很弱，特别是对于软沉积物栖息地。
2. Arrábida MPA 被视为生物多样性热点，于 2009 年在葡萄牙西海岸全面建成，其特点是大面积的软沉积物栖息地。该海洋保护区的建立是为了保护生物多样性并确保当地小规模渔业社区的生计。
3. 对来自实验性捕捞活动（2007-2019 年）的 351 套网状网的捕获数据（丰度和生物量）进行了超越控制前后影响 (BACI) 分析，以研究对底栖鱼类种群的储备效应。
4. 结果显示保护区内外的丰度呈下降趋势，仅对小型商业物种和Solea senegalensis产生显着的积极影响，鱼类物种总长度普遍增加。尽管没有任何明显的储备效应，但鱼长的增加可以被认为是第一个迹象。
5. 该地区周围普遍存在人为压力，并且经常在禁区内观察到违反限制的情况。除了其他方面，这些可以延迟或阻止预期的储备效应。因此，必须激励空间规划的执行和/或修改以实现 MPA 的目标。