ABSTRACT

Background

Depression is thought to generate stressful life events. However, other internalizing symptoms such as anxiety or post-traumatic stress and individual difference variables such as personality traits and alcohol use may contribute to stressful life events. Whether stress generation is specific to depression or generalized to these other variables is unclear. Therefore, we tested whether stress generation was depression specific or generalizable to anxiety, PTSD, alcohol use, neuroticism, and extraversion.

Design

Two-wave longitudinal study with a five-year follow-up.

Methods

917 young adults completed measures of internalizing symptoms, alcohol use, neuroticism, and extraversion during college and five years later along with an interview-based measure of life events.

Results

Symptoms of depression, anxiety, PTSD, and neuroticism exhibited bivariate predictive effects on interpersonal-dependent events. When considering internalizing symptoms in the aggregate, stress generation was specific to symptoms rather than neuroticism. Furthermore, interpersonal-dependent life events mediated Time 1 internalizing symptoms predicting Time 2 symptoms.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that stress generation applies to internalizing symptoms broadly rather than specifically to depression. Moreover, neuroticism was no longer a significant predictor of life events when examined with internalizing symptoms simultaneously. These results support the value of integrative models that test numerous factors predicting stressful life events.

中文翻译：

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压力产生的模式因成年早期的内化症状、饮酒和人格特征而异：一项为期五年的纵向研究

摘要

背景

抑郁症被认为会产生压力大的生活事件。然而，其他内化症状（如焦虑或创伤后压力）和个体差异变量（如个性特征和饮酒）可能会导致压力性生活事件。压力的产生是特定于抑郁症还是泛化到这些其他变量尚不清楚。因此，我们测试了压力的产生是否是抑郁症特有的或可泛化到焦虑、创伤后应激障碍、酒精使用、神经质和外向性。

设计

为期五年的两波纵向研究。

方法

917 名年轻人在大学期间和五年后完成了内化症状、酒精使用、神经质和外向性的测量，以及基于访谈的生活事件测量。

结果

抑郁、焦虑、创伤后应激障碍和神经质的症状表现出对人际关系依赖事件的双变量预测作用。当考虑总体内化症状时，压力产生是特定于症状而不是神经质的。此外，依赖人际关系的生活事件介导了时间 1 内化症状，预测时间 2 症状。

结论

我们的研究结果表明，压力产生广泛适用于内化症状，而不是专门用于抑郁症。此外，当同时检查内化症状时，神经质不再是生活事件的重要预测指标。这些结果支持了综合模型的价值，该模型测试了预测压力生活事件的众多因素。