Partisans often offer divergent responses to survey items ostensibly unrelated to politics. These gaps could reveal that partisanship colors perception or, alternatively, that in answering survey questions, individuals communicate partisan proclivities by providing insincere, or “expressive” responses, to send a partisan message. This study tests two techniques for reducing expressive responding that (1) avoid criticisms about using monetary incentives for accuracy, which have reduced measured partisan differences for objective facts; and (2) can be used in contexts where incentives are infeasible, such as when objective benchmarks for correct responses are unavailable. This study experimentally tests these techniques in replicating a study that found that partisanship affected attractiveness evaluations. These interventions, which allow partisans to express their partisan sentiments through other survey items, substantially reduce apparent partisan differences in beauty evaluations and show that standard survey items likely confound sincere partisan differences with elements of expressive responding.

中文翻译：

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调查回应中有党派知觉偏见的证据有多稳健？研究表达响应的新方法

党派经常对表面上与政治无关的调查项目做出不同的回应。这些差距可能表明党派关系会给感知增添色彩，或者可能是，在回答调查问题时，个人会通过提供不真诚或“表达性”的回应来传达党派倾向，从而传达出党派信息。这项研究测试了两种减少表达回应的技术：（1）避免批评使用金钱激励来提高准确性，这些批评减少了客观事实的可衡量的党派差异；（2）可用于无法实行激励措施的情况下，例如在没有正确答案的客观基准的情况下。这项研究在复制一项发现党派关系影响吸引力评估的研究中，对这些技术进行了实验性测试。这些干预措施