For several years, and through different administrations, surveys have shown that self-identified liberals are more likely than self-identified conservatives to avoid interactions with and exposure to ideological disagreement. In this study, we demonstrate that this ideological asymmetry in outgroup avoidance can be partially explained by the well-established tendency of self-identified conservatives to hold moderate or liberal policy preferences. Using a nationally representative survey, we show that ideologically consistent conservatives look more like liberals (almost all of whom are ideologically consistent) in their tendency to engage in behaviors that promote ideologically homogeneous social networks. Inconsistent conservatives, on the other hand, are more likely to have ideologically heterogeneous social networks, making them less likely to clash with those on the other side and thus less likely to retreat from engagement, even if they hold conservative identities. This set of findings offers insight into the contours of polarization in contemporary America.

中文翻译：

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意识形态泡沫和两种类型的保守派

多年来，通过不同的政府机构进行的调查显示，自我认同的自由主义者比自我认同的保守主义者更有可能避免与意识形态分歧的相互作用和暴露。在这项研究中，我们证明了群体避免中的这种意识形态上的不对称性可以部分由自我认同的保守派倾向于保持中度或自由主义政策偏好的良好趋势来解释。通过一项具有全国代表性的调查，我们发现，意识形态上一致的保守派在从事促进思想上同质的社会网络的行为方面更像自由主义者（几乎所有人在意识形态上都是一致的）。另一方面，不一致的保守派则更有可能拥有意识形态上异质的社交网络，即使他们持有保守的身份，也不太可能与另一方发生冲突，因此也不太可能退出交战。这组发现提供了对当代美国两极分化轮廓的洞见。