The frequency and spatial distributions of precipitation extremes (PEs) and deep convective clouds (DCC) across the Amazon region were assessed using satellite-derived data. For PEs, CHIRPS dataset for the period 1981–2018 were used to calculate a set of absolute, threshold, duration, and percentile-based threshold indices defined by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices. DCC occurrence was assessed based on the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit data for the period 2002–2018. In northern Amazon (north of \(5^\circ \hbox {S}\)) PEs and DCC are more frequent (\(\ge 60\%\) frequency) during February–June. Averaged trends over these months have shown increase in daily rainfall above 20 mm of near 3 days over the 1981–2018 period, and an increase of 2 consecutive wet days (P \(\ge 1\,\hbox {mm}\)) in the same period. South of \(5^\circ \hbox {S}\) prevalence of PEs and DCC is largely observed during November–March (\(\ge 60\%\) frequency), whereas the longest persistence of dry days is observed during June–August. Though all PE trends point to an intensification of rainfall in November–March, only consecutive dry days in winter (JJA) and spring (SON) show significant trends, pointing to an increase of 7 days over the 38-yr winters. Rainfall extremes over the entire Amazon region were found to be moderate to strongly correlated with the mean vertically integrated moisture divergence, and in southern Amazon also to upper level divergence and upward vertical velocity. Increased frequency of DCC were found over the whole basin (\(\sim 18\% \,\, \hbox {yr}^{-1}\)), in contrast to decreased convective overshooting (up to \(\sim 15.4\% \,\, \hbox {yr}^{-1}\)).

使用卫星衍生数据评估了整个亚马逊地区的极端降水（PEs）和深对流云（DCC）的频率和空间分布。对于PE，使用了CHIRPS 1981-2018年的数据集来计算一组由气候变化检测和指数专家团队定义的绝对，阈值，持续时间和基于百分位数的阈值指数。DCC的发生是根据2002-2018年间先进微波探测装置的数据进行评估的。在亚马逊北部（\（5 ^ \ circ \ hbox {S} \）的北部），PE和DCC更加频繁（\（\ ge 60 \％\）频率）在2月到6月之间。这几个月的平均趋势显示，在1981-2018年期间，近3天的20毫米以上的日降雨量增加，并且连续2个湿日增加（P \（\ ge 1 \，\ hbox {mm} \））在同一时期。在11月至3月期间，PE和DCC普遍位于\（5 ^ \ circ \ hbox {S} \）的南部（\（\ ge 60 \％\）频率），而在6月至8月期间，干旱天的持续时间最长。尽管所有的体育运动趋势都表明11月至3月降雨增加，但冬季（JJA）和春季（SON）的连续干旱天数显示出显着趋势，表明在38年冬季中增加了7天。发现整个亚马逊地区的极端降雨与平均垂直积分水分散度呈中等至强烈相关，在亚马逊南部地区也与高层散度和垂直速度上升有关。与整个对流超调量减少（最大为\（\ sim 15.4）相比，发现整个盆地DCC频率增加（\（\ sim 18 \％\，\，\ hbox {yr} ^ {-1} \））\％\，\，\ hbox {yr} ^ {-1} \））。