ABSTRACT

This study investigated the agronomic response and economic return of wheat grown in compacted and non-compacted soils to represent the conditions of non-controlled (non-CTF) and controlled traffic (CTF) systems, respectively. Yield-to-nitrogen responses were derived after application of urea, DMPP-treated urea, and UAN at rates between 0 and 300 kg ha⁻¹ N. Soil properties were measured to guide parametrisation of APSIM, which was used to assess long-term (50 years) effects of CTF and non-CTF soil conditions on crop productivity, rainfall-use efficiency (RUE) and surface runoff. Grain yield and yield components were significantly higher in CTF compared with non-CTF. When N inputs were optimised, N use efficiency (NUE) was more than double in CTF (≈23%) compared with non-CTF (≈9%). RUE was about 15% higher in CTF, which concurrently reduced the amount of surface runoff compared with non-CTF. For years with average rainfall (240-mm in-crop), yield penalties of up 12% may be expected in non-CTF. APSIM simulations showed that increased productivity, and inter-annual yield stability, can increase gross margin of wheat by AUD30-50 ha⁻¹ depending on in-crop rainfall and the tillage method used. In non-CTF systems, improvements in NUE and RUE are constrained by soil compaction. Enhanced efficiency fertilizers cannot compensate for other stresses caused by compaction and therefore cannot achieve the same NUE and RUE as the CTF system. Adoption of CTF in water-constrained environments improves profitability and resource-use efficiency.

摘要

本研究调查了在压实和非压实土壤中种植的小麦的农艺反应和经济回报，以分别代表非受控（非 CTF）和受控交通（CTF）系统的条件。以 0 至 300 kg ha ^{-1 的}比例施用尿素、DMPP 处理的尿素和 UAN 后得出产量对氮的响应N. 测量土壤特性以指导 APSIM 的参数化，用于评估 CTF 和非 CTF 土壤条件对作物生产力、降雨利用效率 (RUE) 和地表径流的长期（50 年）影响。与非 CTF 相比，CTF 中的谷物产量和产量成分显着更高。当 N 输入得到优化时，与非 CTF (≈9%) 相比，CTF 中的 N 使用效率 (NUE) (≈23%) 增加了一倍以上。与非 CTF 相比，CTF 中的 RUE 高出约 15%，同时减少了地表径流量。对于平均降雨量（240 毫米作物）的年份，非 CTF 的产量损失可能会增加 12%。APSIM 模拟表明，生产力的提高和年际产量的稳定性可以将小麦的毛利率提高 30-50 公顷^-1取决于作物的降雨量和使用的耕作方法。在非 CTF 系统中，NUE 和 RUE 的改进受到土壤压实的限制。增效肥料不能补偿由压实引起的其他压力，因此不能达到与 CTF 系统相同的 NUE 和 RUE。在水资源受限的环境中采用 CTF 可提高盈利能力和资源使用效率。