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Identification of homogeneous rainfall regions in New South Wales, Australia
Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography ( IF 2.247 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-05 , DOI: 10.1080/16000870.2021.1907979
Shahid Khan 1 , Ijaz Hussain 1 , Ataur Rahman 2
Affiliation  

Abstract

Identifying homogeneous regions based on spatial variables is vital for providing a certain and fixed region's spatial and temporal behavior. However, a significant problem of non-separation rises when the geographic coordinates are utilized for clustering, just because the Euclidean distance is not suitable for clustering when considering the geographic coordinates. Therefore, this study focuses on employing such methods where the non-separation is minimum for identifying homogenous regions. The average annual rainfall data of 226 meteorological monitoring stations for 1911–2018 of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, was considered for the current study. The data is standardized with zero mean and unit variance to remove the effect of different measurement scales. The geographical coordinates are then converted to rectangular coordinates by the Lambert projection method. Using the Partition Around Medoid (PAM) algorithm, also known as the k-medoid algorithm (which minimizes the sum of dissimilarities instead of the sum of squares of Euclidean distances) on rectangular Lambert projected coordinates, 10 well-separated clusters are obtained. The Mean Squared Prediction Error (MSPE) is comparatively smaller if the prediction of unobserved locations in cluster 3 is made. However, this error increases if the prediction is made for a complete monitoring network. The identified 10 homogeneous regions or clusters provide a good separation when the lambert coordinates are used instead of geographical coordinates.



中文翻译:

确定澳大利亚新南威尔士州的均匀降水区

摘要

基于空间变量识别同质区域对于提供特定和固定区域的空间和时间行为至关重要。然而,当考虑地理坐标时,因为欧几里德距离不适用于聚类,所以当利用地理坐标进行聚类时,出现了不可分离的重大问题。因此,本研究着重于采用非分离最小的方法来识别同质区域。本研究考虑了1921-2018年澳大利亚新南威尔士州(NSW)的226个气象监测站的年平均降雨量数据。数据采用零均值和单位方差进行标准化,以消除不同度量标准的影响。然后,通过Lambert投影方法将地理坐标转换为直角坐标。使用矩形Lambert投影坐标上的基于分区的Medoid(PAM)算法(也称为k-medoid算法(可将相异总和最小化,而不是欧几里得距离的平方总和最小化),获得10个分离良好的聚类。如果对聚类3中未观察到的位置进行预测,则均方预测误差(MSPE)相对较小。但是,如果对完整的监视网络进行了预测,则此错误会增加。当使用兰伯特坐标而不是地理坐标时,已识别的10个均匀区域或聚类提供了良好的分离。在矩形Lambert投影坐标上也被称为k-medoid算法(该算法将不相似度之和而不是欧几里得距离的平方之和最小化),获得了10个分离良好的聚类。如果对聚类3中未观察到的位置进行预测,则均方预测误差(MSPE)相对较小。但是,如果对完整的监视网络进行了预测,则此错误会增加。当使用兰伯特坐标而不是地理坐标时,已识别的10个均匀区域或聚类提供了良好的分离。在矩形Lambert投影坐标上也被称为k-medoid算法(该算法将不相似度之和而不是欧几里得距离的平方之和最小化),获得了10个分离良好的聚类。如果对聚类3中未观察到的位置进行预测,则均方预测误差(MSPE)相对较小。但是,如果对完整的监视网络进行了预测,则此错误会增加。当使用兰伯特坐标而不是地理坐标时,已识别的10个均匀区域或聚类提供了良好的分离。如果对聚类3中未观察到的位置进行预测,则均方预测误差(MSPE)相对较小。但是,如果对完整的监视网络进行了预测,则此错误会增加。当使用兰伯特坐标而不是地理坐标时,已识别的10个均匀区域或聚类提供了良好的分离。如果对聚类3中未观察到的位置进行预测,则均方预测误差(MSPE)相对较小。但是,如果对完整的监视网络进行了预测,则此错误会增加。当使用兰伯特坐标而不是地理坐标时,已识别的10个均匀区域或聚类提供了良好的分离。

更新日期:2021-04-05
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