Within the multidisciplinary WASA project, 160 cores up to 5 m long have been obtained from the back-barrier area and off the coast of the East Frisian island of Norderney. Thirty-seven contained basal peats on top of Pleistocene sands of the former Geest and 10 of them also had intercalated peats. Based on 100 acclerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dates and analyses of botanical as well as zoological remains from the peats, lagoonal sediments and the underlying sands, a variety of distinct habitats have been reconstructed. On the relatively steep slopes north of the present island, a swampy vegetation fringe several kilometres wide with carrs of alder (Alnus glutinosa) moved in front of the rising sea upwards of the Geest as it existed then until roughly 6 ka, when the sea level reached the current back-barrier region of Norderney at around −6 m NHN (German ordnance datum). From then on for nearly 4000 years a changing landscape with a mosaic of freshwater lakes and fens existed within this area. It was characterised by various stands of Cladium mariscus (fen sedge), alternating with brackish reed beds with Phragmites australis (common reed) and salt meadows with Aster tripolium (sea aster), Triglochin maritima (sea arrowgrass), Juncus gerardii (saltmarsh rush) as well as mudflats with Salicornia europaea (common glasswort). As far as shown by our cores, this highly diverse, and for humans potentially attractive landscape was at least some 4 km wide and followed the coast for about 10 km. Before the rising sea caused diversification of habitats, wet heath as well as dry and dusty sand areas existed. In the course of time, parts of the wet heath turned into raised Sphagnum bogs under an oceanic precipitation regime before this diverse landscape was drowned by the rising sea and finally covered by marine sediments, while the earlier sediments and peats were partly eroded and redeposited.

中文翻译：

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从尘土到淹死：东弗里斯兰群岛诺德尼的全新世景观发展

在多学科 WASA 项目中，从后屏障区和东弗里斯兰岛诺德尼岛海岸外获得了 160 个长达 5 m 的岩心。前者更新世砂岩顶部有 37 个含有基底泥炭吉斯特其中10个也有夹层泥炭。基于 100 加速器质谱 (AMS)14对泥炭、泻湖沉积物和下伏沙地的植物和动物遗骸的 C 日期和分析，已经重建了各种不同的栖息地。在本岛北部相对陡峭的山坡上，几公里宽的沼泽植被边缘长满了桤木（桤木) 在上升的大海前面移动吉斯特因为它一直存在到大约 6 ka，当海平面在 -6 m NHN （德国军械基准）附近达到当前的 Norderney 后屏障区域时。从那时起，近 4000 年来，该地区一直存在着由淡水湖泊和沼泽组成的不断变化的景观。它的特点是各种摊位金缕梅（fen sedge），与微咸芦苇床交替芦苇（普通芦苇）和盐草甸紫菀（海翠菊），海蜇（海箭草），杜鹃花（盐沼高峰）以及泥滩盐角草（常见的玻璃草）。就我们的核心所显示的而言，这个高度多样化且对人类具有潜在吸引力的景观至少有 4 公里宽，沿着海岸延伸了约 10 公里。在海平面上升导致生境多样化之前，存在湿荒地以及干燥和尘土飞扬的沙区。随着时间的推移，部分潮湿的荒地变成了凸起的泥炭藓在这个多样化的景观被上升的海水淹没并最终被海洋沉积物覆盖之前，海洋降水制度下的沼泽地，而早期的沉积物和泥炭被部分侵蚀和重新沉积。