Regional Science and Urban Economics ( IF 2.438 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-05 , DOI: 10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2021.103678 Jeremy Atack , Robert A. Margo , Paul W. Rhode
During the nineteenth century manufacturing increased its share of the labor force in the United States, and manufacturing became more urban, as did the population. Our survey of the literature and analyses of census data suggests that a key reason was the development of a nationwide transportation system, especially the railroad. Coupled with changes in manufacturing technology and organizational form, the “transportation revolution” increased demand for manufacturing labor in urban locations. Labor supply responded and because of agglomeration economies, population density and the size and number of urban places increased. Although our focus is on the US experience, a causal role for transportation is likely for other economies that experienced historical industrialization and urbanization.
中文翻译:
十九世纪美国的工业化与城市化
在19世纪,制造业增加了其在美国劳动力中的份额,制造业和人口也变得更加城市化。我们对文献的调查和对普查数据的分析表明,一个关键原因是全国交通运输系统的发展,特别是铁路的发展。再加上制造技术和组织形式的变化,“交通革命”增加了城市地区对制造业劳动力的需求。劳动力供给做出了回应,由于集聚经济,人口密度以及城市场所的数量和数量增加了。尽管我们的重点是美国的经验,但其他经历过工业化和城市化历史的经济体也可能在交通运输中起因果作用。