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Plasticity-Led Evolution and Human Culture
Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science ( IF 1.156 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-05 , DOI: 10.1007/s12124-021-09607-x
David A Wells 1
Affiliation  

Some human traits arise via organic evolution while others are acquired from the prevailing culture via a process of social learning. A mainstream interpretation is that evolution amounts to a change in the relative frequency of gene variants in a population and that culture coevolves at arm’s length. Matters look different if one starts instead from the view that organisms are modified during evolution because of changes in gene expression as much as changes in the relative frequency of gene variants. Gene expression, i.e. generation of the product encoded by a gene, is not under genetic control, for it requires location- and time-specific triggers, which cannot be provided by genes. The genes present in an individual are present in every cell, hence at all locations in the individual’s body and at all times during the individual’s life. The necessary location- and time-specific triggers are provided internally by developmental events and conditions, or externally by environmental events and conditions, i.e. non-genetically. Socially-learned traits, having no special connection with genes, may nevertheless influence evolution, as for any trait. Like organic traits generally, socially-learned traits can be positively or negatively selected, for they similarly influence survival and reproduction. Like learned traits generally, they can play an important role in evolution by providing repeated selective pressure. The resulting evolutionary change typically affects an associated trait (e.g. adult ability to digest the sugar contained in milk), not the socially-learned trait itself (e.g. dairying), which continues under the influence of cultural processes of change.



中文翻译:

可塑性引导的进化与人类文化

一些人类特征是通过有机进化产生的,而另一些则是通过社会学习过程从流行文化中获得的。主流的解释是,进化相当于种群中基因变异的相对频率的变化,并且文化在一定距离内共同进化。如果人们从生物体在进化过程中被修改的观点出发,因为基因表达的变化与基因变异的相对频率的变化一样多,那么事情看起来就不一样了。基因表达,即由基因编码的产物的产生,不受基因控制,因为它需要位置和时间特异性触发,而基因不能提供这些触发。存在于个体中的基因存在于每个细胞中,因此存在于个体身体的所有位置以及个体生命中的所有时间。必要的位置和时间特定触发由发育事件和条件内部提供,或由环境事件和条件外部提供,即非遗传的。与基因没有特殊联系的社会习得性状可能会影响进化,就像任何性状一样。像一般的有机特征一样,社会学习特征可以被积极或消极地选择,因为它们同样影响生存和繁殖。与一般习得性状一样,它们可以通过提供重复的选择压力在进化中发挥重要作用。由此产生的进化变化通常会影响相关的特征(例如成年人消化牛奶中所含糖分的能力),而不是社会习得的特征本身(例如乳制品),后者在文化变化过程的影响下继续存在。

更新日期:2021-04-05
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