The problem of maximizing the lifetime of a wireless sensor network which uses video cameras to monitor targets is considered. These video cameras can rotate and have a fixed monitoring angle. For a target to be covered by a video camera mounted on a sensor node, three conditions must be satisfied. First, the distance between the sensor and the target should be less than the sensing range. Second, the direction of the camera sensor should face the target, and third, the focus of the video camera should be such that the picture of the target is sharp. Basic elements on optics are recalled, then some properties are shown to efficiently address the problem of setting the direction and focal distance of a video camera for target coverage. Then, a column generation algorithm based on these properties is proposed for solving three lifetime maximization problems. Targets are considered as points in the first problem, they are considered as discs in the second problem (which allows for considering occlusion) and in the last problem, focal distance is also dealt with for taking image sharpness into account. All of these problems are compared on a testbed of 180 instances and numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

考虑了使使用摄像机监视目标的无线传感器网络的寿命最大化的问题。这些摄像机可以旋转并具有固定的监视角度。对于安装在传感器节点上的摄像机覆盖的目标，必须满足三个条件。首先，传感器与目标之间的距离应小于感应范围。第二，摄像机传感器的方向应面向目标，第三，摄像机的焦点应使目标的图像清晰。回顾了光学的基本元素，然后显示了一些属性以有效解决为目标覆盖范围设置摄像机的方向和焦距的问题。然后，提出了一种基于这些性质的列生成算法，用于解决三个寿命最大化问题。在第一个问题中将目标视为点，在第二个问题中将目标视为圆盘（允许考虑遮挡），在最后一个问题中，还应考虑焦距以考虑图像清晰度。所有这些问题在180个实例的试验台上进行了比较，数值结果表明了该方法的有效性。