This study presents the results of high-resolution dynamical downscaling of 5 km on maximum (TX) and minimum (TN) air temperature and precipitation, for Greece, with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The ERA-Interim (ERA-I) reanalysis dataset is used for initial and boundary conditions. The model results (WRF_5) are evaluated against available ground observations for the period 1980–2004 through the calculation of mean climatology, statistical metrics, and distributions of extreme events on daily, monthly and seasonal scales. WRF_5 model captures very well the geographical distribution of TX and TN of the study area, and illustrates finely the seasonal differences. Statistical results for TX (TN) indicate a cold (warm) bias of − 0.6 °C (1 °C) regarding WRF_5 and − 3 °C (0.5 °C) for ERA-I. The efficiency metrics for temperatures showed a highly improved performance of the model compared to reanalysis for all temporal scales investigated. The observed mean annual cycle and inter-annual variability of precipitation are also well represented by model simulation. Although WRF_5 overestimates rainfall during most of the year, the seasonal pattern of WRF_5 presented similar correlation coefficients for all stations with a range of 0.6–0.85, showing a good model ability to simulate the precipitation in Greece. The results reveal the capability of the configured WRF high resolution model to reproduce the main climatological variables of the study area, outperforming the coarse resolution ERA-Interim in a region that is dominated by highly variable topographic characteristics. This is deemed necessary for undertaking any further studies concerning future climate change impacts in various sectors.

这项研究通过天气研究与预报（WRF）模型，为希腊提供了在最大（TX）和最小（TN）气温和降水量下5 km高分辨率动态缩小的结果。ERA临时（ERA-I）重新分析数据集用于初始条件和边界条件。通过计算平均气候，统计指标以及极端事件在日，月和季节尺度上的分布，对1980-2004年期间可用的地面观测结果对模型结果（WRF_5）进行了评估。WRF_5模型很好地捕捉了研究区域TX和TN的地理分布，并很好地说明了季节差异。TX（TN）的统计结果表明，对于WRF_5，冷（暖）偏压为-0.6°C（1°C），对于ERA-1，为-3°C（0.5°C）。与针对所有调查的时间尺度的重新分析相比，温度效率指标显示出该模型的性能大大提高。模型模拟也很好地代表了观测到的年平均降水周期和年际变化。尽管WRF_5在一年中的大部分时间都高估了降雨量，但WRF_5的季节性模式对所有测站呈现相似的相关系数，范围在0.6-0.85之间，显示了良好的模拟希腊降水的模型能力。结果表明，配置好的WRF高分辨率模型能够再现研究区域的主要气候变量，在由高度变化的地形特征主导的区域中，表现优于粗分辨率ERA-Interim。