Virtual reality (VR) may be a good alternative for cadaveric temporal bone surgical dissection courses, which are an important part of otolaryngology resident’s training. The aim of the study was to assess the VR temporal bone surgery simulator in an antromastoidectomy simulation. The VR system was based on the Geomagic Touch Haptic Device from 3D System. The research was designed as a prospective study, with three sessions of VR simulation training. The group of four ENT specialists unexperienced in otosurgery and 11 otorhinolaryngology residents performed a series of virtual dissections of a VR temporal bone model. Two experts with a broad experience in ear surgery participated in the study as supervisors for all the participants. At the end of each session, the experts controlled the accuracy of the simulated surgery performance assigning positive points for each correctly performed step and negative points for each mistake. After each session, participants of the study were asked to fill in the questionnaire concerning their impression of a VR system simulation. The evaluation of every simulation (total score) was based on the duration of a VR session, the quality of performance (positive points) and the number of mistakes (negative points). During consecutive VR sessions, evident shortening of the length of performance, as well as an improvement in the quality of performance and reduction in mistakes, was observed. Sixty percent of study participants answered that signaling damage to the critical elements was good (40%—sufficient), and 67% assessed that they had made a progress in consecutive sessions. After three sessions, 100% of participants indicated higher self-confidence in relation to their own surgical skills. Also, all the participants indicated that VR training should be included in a routine educational program for medical students. VR training provides a structured, safe and supportive environment to familiarize oneself with complex anatomy and practical skills.

虚拟现实（VR）可能是尸体颞骨外科解剖课程的好选择，这是耳鼻喉科住院医师培训的重要组成部分。这项研究的目的是评估前乳突切除术模拟中的VR颞骨手术模拟器。该VR系统基于3D System的Geomagic Touch Haptic Device。该研究被设计为一项前瞻性研究，包括三节VR模拟培训。由四名耳外科手术经验不足的耳鼻喉科专家和11名耳鼻喉科住院医师组成的小组对VR颞骨模型进行了一系列虚拟解剖。两位在耳外科领域具有丰富经验的专家作为所有参与者的主管参加了研究。在每节课结束时，专家控制了模拟手术性能的准确性，为每个正确执行的步骤分配了正分，为每个错误分配了负分。每次会议后，要求研究参与者填写有关他们对VR系统仿真印象的问卷。对每个模拟的评估（总分）基于VR会话的持续时间，性能质量（正点）和错误数量（负点）。在连续的VR会话中，观察到明显的表演时间缩短，以及表演质量的提高和错误的减少。60％的研究参与者回答说，对关键要素的损坏表示良好（40％-足够），67％的人认为他们在连续的会议中取得了进展。经过三个疗程后，100％的参与者对自己的手术技能表现出更高的自信心。此外，所有参与者都表示，VR培训应包括在针对医学生的常规教育计划中。VR培训提供了结构化，安全和支持性的环境，使您熟悉复杂的解剖结构和实践技能。