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Geochemical fractionation, source identification and risk assessments for trace metals in agricultural soils adjacent to a city center (Çanakkale, NW Turkey)
Environmental Earth Sciences ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-03 , DOI: 10.1007/s12665-021-09611-9
Ali Sungur , Mehmet İşler

Agricultural lands around city centers are exposed to trace metal pollution through urbanization especially and industrialization-related human activities. This study investigates potential sources of trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb) in agricultural lands surrounding Çanakkale city center (NW Turkey) and estimates their environmental impacts with the sequential extraction procedure. Soil samples were taken from agricultural fields adjacent to the city center that represent all types of land use. The aqua regia wet digestion method was used to determine trace metal contents and the sequential extraction procedure was used to determine geochemical fractions of trace metals. Multivariate analysis was applied for source identification of trace metals. Contamination factors and risk assessment codes were used to assess current pollution. Trace metal contents were in the order: Ni > Cr > Pb > Cu > Cd. Recorded values were greater than the values specified for agricultural land. Trace metal mobility based on totals for the first three fractions was in the order: Cd (62%) > Pb (57%) > Cu (40%) > Ni (32%) > Cr (15%) and these findings indicate that Cd and Pb exist mostly in mobile phases. These mobile phases were mostly attributed to anthropogenic sources. These findings comply with the outcomes of statistical analysis. It was concluded that the soils were contaminated with Pb and Cd. While Pb poses moderate risks for the environment, Cd poses high risks. Considering the present findings, it was observed that primarily Cd and partially Pb reached soils near urban areas, exhibited accumulation and may be easily incorporated into water and plants through the mobile phases. Therefore, it is concluded that the relevant metals, especially Cd, should be controlled and monitored.



中文翻译:

邻近城市中心(土耳其西北部Çanakkale)的农业土壤中的微量金属的地球化学分馏,来源识别和风险评估

市中心附近的农业用地,尤其是通过城市化以及与工业化有关的人类活动,暴露于痕量金属污染。这项研究调查了恰纳卡莱市中心(土耳其西北部)周围农田中痕量金属(镉,铬,铜,镍和铅)的潜在来源,并通过顺序提取程序估算了其对环境的影响。土壤样本取自市中心附近的农田,代表所有类型的土地利用。该王水湿消解法用于测定痕量金属含量,顺序萃取法用于测定痕量金属的地球化学成分。多变量分析用于痕量金属的来源鉴定。污染因素和风险评估代码用于评估当前的污染。痕量金属的含量顺序为:Ni> Cr> Pb> Cu> Cd。记录的值大于为农业用地指定的值。基于前三个馏分的总计,痕量金属迁移率的顺序为:Cd(62%)> Pb(57%)> Cu(40%)> Ni(32%)> Cr(15%),这些发现表明镉和铅主要存在于流动相中。这些流动相主要归因于人为来源。这些发现符合统计分析的结果。结论是土壤被铅和镉污染。铅对环境构成中等风险,而镉则构成高风险。考虑到目前的发现,据观察,主要是Cd和部分Pb到达市区附近的土壤,表现出积累,并且很容易通过流动相掺入水和植物中。因此,得出的结论是,应控制和监视有关金属,尤其是Cd。

更新日期:2021-04-04
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