This study investigates the hydrochemistry of the Mandi Baha-Ud-Din district, which is an important part of the Jhelum Basin. The study area is highly populated with low facilities in the provision of clean drinking water. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to map the spatial variability of different physicochemical parameters. A total of 59 analysed groundwater samples indicated that the ionic concentration was in the order of Na⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺ > K⁺ for major cations and HCO₃⁻ > SO₄²⁻ > Cl⁻ > NO₃⁻ > F⁻ > CO₃²⁻ for anions. Traces of arsenic and other toxic elements were found in the vicinity of the industrial zone, but they are well below the designated thresholds. The bivariate Gibbs diagram illustrates that 75–80% of samples fall in the rock-water interaction zone, and the rest of the samples lie in the rock-water interaction and evaporation processes. Piper’s plot revealed that seven samples were dominated by alkaline earth metals, seven samples showed the nature of alkalies, and the rest of the samples showed mixed character. Final water quality index (82) shows that the water quality is generally “good”, per the NSFWQI classification. This paper illustrates hydrochemical facies along with a natural mechanism controlling overall water chemistry.

这项研究调查了Mandi Baha-Ud-Din地区的水化学，该地区是Jhelum盆地的重要组成部分。研究区人口稠密，提供清洁饮用水的设施少。地理信息系统（GIS）用于绘制不同理化参数的空间变异性。共有59个分析地下水样品表明，离子浓度为以Na的顺序⁺  >的Ca ²⁺  > Mg的²⁺  >ķ ⁺为主要阳离子和HCO ₃ ^-  > SO ₄ ^2-  >氯^-  > NO ₃ ^-  > F ⁻  > CO ₃ ²⁻阴离子。在工业区附近发现了痕量的砷和其他有毒元素，但是它们远低于指定的阈值。双变量吉布斯图说明75-80％的样品落在岩水相互作用区，其余样品位于岩水相互作用和蒸发过程中。派珀（Piper）的图表明，七个样品主要由碱土金属组成，七个样品具有碱的性质，其余样品具有混合特性。最终水质指数（82）表明，根据NSFWQI分类，水质通常为“良好”。本文阐述了水化学相以及控制整体水化学的自然机制。