There has been no consensus reached regarding the influences of landscape and climatic factors on aquatic macrophyte assemblages and their functional groups in wetlands. This study aimed to verify: 1) if landscape factors (habitat amount, isolation and land use), physiography and climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) relate to richness and composition of aquatic macrophytes in subtropical ponds; 2) whether these factors relate to functional groups differently (amphibious, emergent, floating and submerged). To accomplish these aims, plants were collected from 40 ponds in two physiographic regions of differing geomorphological age. Landscape variables were measured using GIS tools and FRAGSTATS software. The climatic variables were obtained from the WorldClim database. Habitat amount was negatively related to total species richness, while isolation, agricultural area and precipitation were positively related to it, possibly due to second-order effects, e.g., interspecific interactions or trophic control. Physiography, pond size and diversity of landscape use were related to species composition. Number of patches and pond size were positively related to emergent and floating species, and isolation was negatively associated with the richness of amphibious species, likely due to their dispersal strategies. We conclude that physiography was related to the structure of some aquatic macrophyte functional groups of subtropical ponds.

关于景观和气候因素对湿地水生植物群落及其功能群的影响尚未达成共识。本研究旨在验证：1）景观因素（栖息地数量，隔离和土地利用），地貌和气候因素（温度和降水）是否与亚热带池塘水生植物的丰富度和组成有关；2）这些因素与功能组的关系是否不同（两栖，紧急，漂浮和淹没）。为了实现这些目标，从地貌年龄不同的两个地理区域的40个池塘中收集了植物。使用GIS工具和FRAGSTATS软件测量景观变量。气候变量是从WorldClim数据库获得的。栖息地数量与总物种丰富度负相关，隔离时，农业面积和降水与其正相关，这可能是由于二级影响，例如种间相互作用或营养控制。地貌，池塘大小和景观利用多样性与物种组成有关。斑块的数量和池塘的大小与浮游和浮游物种呈正相关，而隔离与两栖物种的丰富度呈负相关，这可能是由于它们的分散策略所致。我们得出的结论是，生理学与亚热带池塘一些水生植物功能组的结构有关。池塘的大小和景观利用的多样性与物种组成有关。斑块的数量和池塘的大小与浮游和浮游物种呈正相关，而隔离与两栖物种的丰富度呈负相关，这可能是由于它们的分散策略所致。我们得出的结论是，生理学与亚热带池塘一些水生植物功能组的结构有关。池塘的大小和景观利用的多样性与物种组成有关。斑块的数量和池塘的大小与浮游和浮游物种呈正相关，而隔离与两栖物种的丰富度呈负相关，这可能是由于它们的分散策略所致。我们得出的结论是，生理学与亚热带池塘一些水生植物功能组的结构有关。