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Eye contact effect: The role of vagal regulation and reactivity, and self-regulation of attention
Current Psychology ( IF 2.387 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-03 , DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01682-y
Alicja Niedźwiecka

Eye contact is a crucial aspect of social interactions that may enhance an individual’s cognitive performance (i.e. the eye contact effect) or hinder it (i.e. face-to-face interference effect). In this paper, I focus on the influence of eye contact on cognitive performance in tasks engaging executive functions. I present a hypothesis as to why some individuals benefit from eye contact while others do not. I propose that the relations between eye contact and executive functioning are modulated by an individual’s autonomic regulation and reactivity and self-regulation of attention. In particular, I propose that individuals with more optimal autonomic regulation and reactivity, and more effective self-regulation of attention benefit from eye contact. Individuals who are less well regulated and over- or under-reactive and who do not employ effective strategies of self-regulation of attention may not benefit from eye contact and may perform better when eye contact is absent. I present some studies that justify the proposed hypothesis and point to a method that could be employed to test them. This approach could help to better understand the complex mechanisms underlying the individual differences in participant’s cognitive performance during tasks engaging executive functions.



中文翻译:

眼神接触的作用:迷走神经调节和反应的作用,以及注意力的自我调节

眼神交流是社交互动的关键方面,可以增强个人的认知能力(即眼神接触效应)或阻碍其认知能力(即面对面干扰效应)。在本文中,我着眼于从事执行功能的任务中眼神交流对认知表现的影响。我提出了一个假设,为什么有些人会从眼神交流中受益,而另一些人却没有。我建议,眼神接触与执行功能之间的关系是由一个人的自主调节以及注意力的反应性和自我调节来调节的。特别是,我建议眼神接触可以使具有更好的自主神经调节和反应性以及注意力的自我调节更有效的个体受益。监管不力,反应过度或反应不足以及未采用有效的自我调节注意力策略的个体可能无法从眼神接触中受益,并且在没有眼神接触时可能会表现更好。我提出了一些研究来证明所提出的假设是正确的,并指出了可以用来检验它们的方法。这种方法可能有助于更好地理解在执行执行职能的任务期间参与者认知表现的个体差异所基于的复杂机制。

更新日期:2021-04-04
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