Crops with branching characteristics, such as rapeseed, are difficult to harvest owing to their specific plant geometry. To solve this problem, an harvesting reel with improved tine trajectory, considering the reel working process and a function suitable for oilseed rape, is proposed in this study. The improved tine, of which angle can be continuously adjusted to adapt to the plant structure and meet the operating requirements of the reel in the stages of pushing the reel into the crops, feeding plants into the auger, and releasing the reel. The kinematics of the tine trajectory between the new and standard reels were calculated and a simulation comparative analysis was performed, which proved that the new reel satisfies the theoretical requirements. Single-factor field experiments were conducted for the two types of reels. The test results demonstrated that the proposed reel has a lower header loss rate and is significantly affected by the reel speed than the reel height or machine forward speed. According to the multivariate orthogonal results, the combination of optimal parameters with minimum loss rate yielded a reel rotational speed of 1.88 rad s⁻¹, machine speed of 0.6 m s⁻¹, and reel vertical height of 1100 mm. The actual loss rate was found to authentically decrease to 1.04% in the supplementary field test under this condition, which verified that the parameters are reasonable. This study combines experiments and trajectory analysis to explain the advantages of the improved reel and provide a new study direction of reducing rapeseed harvesting losses.

具有分支特性的作物（例如油菜籽）由于其特定的植物几何形状而很难收获。为解决这一问题，本研究提出一种收割机，其收割机的齿槽轨迹要经过改进，同时考虑到收割机的工作过程和适用于油菜的功能。改进后的尖齿可以连续调整角度以适应植物结构，并在将线轴推入农作物，将植物放入螺旋钻中并释放线轴的阶段中满足线轴的操作要求。计算了新绕线轮与标准绕线轮之间的齿轨运动学，并进行了仿真对比分析，证明了新型绕线轮满足理论要求。对两种类型的卷轴进行了单因素现场实验。测试结果表明，与卷筒高度或机器前进速度相比，提出的卷筒具有更低的割台丢失率，并且受卷筒速度的影响很大。根据多元正交结果，最佳参数与最小损失率的组合产生了1.88 rad s的卷轴旋转速度^-1，机器速度为0.6 m s ^-1，卷轴垂直高度为1100 mm。在这种条件下的补充现场测试中，实际损失率确实降低到了1.04％，这证明了该参数是合理的。这项研究结合了实验和轨迹分析来解释改进的渔线轮的优势，并为减少油菜籽收获损失提供了新的研究方向。