Aquaporins (AQP) are a class of water channel membrane proteins that are widely expressed in the gut. The biological functions of aquaporins, which regulate the absorption and secretion of water molecules and small solutes, maintain the stable state of the intestine, regulate cell proliferation and migration, participate in the process of intestinal inflammation, and mediate tumorigenesis, demonstrate the physiological significance of these channels in intestinal health. The pathology of many intestinal diseases is associated with changes in the location and expression of aquaporins, such as intestinal infection, which can change the expression and distribution of AQPs in intestinal tissues/cells by affecting cytokines and chemokines. This can lead to various intestinal diseases such as diarrhoea, which also suggests the importance of aquaporins in the prevention and treatment of intestinal diseases. This review summarizes the relationship between aquaporins and intestinal physiology and diseases and focuses on drugs (such as plant extracts) or diets that can regulate intestinal health by regulating aquaporins. It provides a basis for establishing aquaporins as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for intestinal health.

中文翻译：

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水通道蛋白：调节肠道健康的膳食营养素目标

水通道蛋白 (AQP) 是一类在肠道中广泛表达的水通道膜蛋白。水通道蛋白的生物学功能，调节水分子和小溶质的吸收和分泌，维持肠道的稳定状态，调节细胞增殖和迁移，参与肠道炎症过程，介导肿瘤发生，证明了水通道蛋白的生理意义。这些渠道在肠道健康。许多肠道疾病的病理都与水通道蛋白的位置和表达的变化有关，例如肠道感染可以通过影响细胞因子和趋化因子来改变AQPs在肠道组织/细胞中的表达和分布。这会导致各种肠道疾病，如腹泻、这也表明了水通道蛋白在预防和治疗肠道疾病中的重要性。本综述总结了水通道蛋白与肠道生理和疾病的关系，重点关注通过调节水通道蛋白来调节肠道健康的药物（如植物提取物）或饮食。它为建立水通道蛋白作为肠道健康的生物标志物和治疗靶点提供了基础。