The fires in underground indoor space often result in limited field of vision, thus revealing the characteristic of exit-selecting behavior under the influence of fire and limited view is the basis for optimizing exit layout and emergency evacuation strategies for the underground spaces. In this study, an interactive virtual environment is presented and using which an evacuation experiment is carried out to test human exit-selecting behavior in fire scenario. The results show that when the view is limited, more exits and arranging the exits evenly are helpful to shorten the time of seeking the available exits. If there is congestion in front, as long as the information on the exits is sufficient, some people (more than 20%) will re-select the other exits. Furthermore, people prefer to spend more movement time reducing queuing time. When the dynamic temperature field is used to show the participants a spreading fire, the virtual fire plays a certain threat, so most of subjects (96.7%) prefer the exit away from the fire source. Moreover, if there are other pedestrians, the evacuation decision-making process of personnel is the game process among selecting the fastest path, keeping away from the exits near the fire source and avoiding high temperature field. The results also show that individual age has an obvious correlation with the participants’ ability of escaping in the virtual evacuation environment. Specifically, the ability tends to become weaker as the age increased. This study will be useful to understand the human exit-selecting behavior and movement characteristics in the influence of fire and limited view by using a cheap and safe method.

地下室内空间的火灾通常会导致视野受限，从而揭示火灾影响下的出口选择行为特征，而有限的视野是优化地下空间出口布局和紧急疏散策略的基础。在这项研究中，提出了一个交互式虚拟环境，并使用该环境进行了疏散实验，以测试火灾情况下的人员出口选择行为。结果表明，当视图受到限制时，更多出口并均匀地排列出口有助于缩短寻找可用出口的时间。如果前面有交通拥堵，只要出口上的信息足够，某些人（超过20％）会重新选择其他出口。此外，人们喜欢花费更多的移动时间来减少排队时间。当使用动态温度场向参与者显示正在蔓延的火势时，虚拟火势会产生一定的威胁，因此大多数受试者（96.7％）更喜欢远离火源的出口。此外，如果还有其他行人，人员疏散决策过程就是选择最快路径，远离火源附近的出口和避免高温场的博弈过程。结果还表明，个人年龄与参与者在虚拟避难环境中逃生的能力具有明显的相关性。具体而言，随着年龄的增长，这种能力趋于减弱。这项研究将有助于通过一种廉价而安全的方法来了解人类在火灾和有限视野下的出口选择行为和运动特性。