Cardiovascular disease (CVD) threatens the lives of many and affects their productivity. Wearable sensors can enable continuous monitoring of hemodynamic parameters to improve the diagnosis and management of CVD. Bio-Impedance (Bio-Z) is an effective non-invasive sensor for arterial pulse wave monitoring based on blood volume changes in the artery due to the deep penetration of its current signal inside the tissue. However, the measured data are significantly affected by the placement of electrodes relative to the artery and the electrode configuration. In this work, we created a Bio-Z simulation platform that models the tissue, arterial pulse wave, and Bio-Z sensing configuration using a 3D circuit model based on a time-varying impedance grid. A new method is proposed to accurately simulate the different tissue types such as blood, fat, muscles, and bones in a 3D circuit model in addition to the pulsatile activity of the arteries through a variable impedance model. This circuit model is simulated in SPICE and can be used to guide design decisions ( i.e. electrode placement relative to the artery and electrode configuration) to optimize the monitoring of pulse wave prior to experimentation. We present extensive simulations of the arterial pulse waveform for different sensor locations, electrode sizes, current injection frequencies, and artery depths. These simulations are validated by experimental Bio-Z measurements.

中文翻译：

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使用基于 3D 时变电路模型的生物阻抗仿真平台进行脉冲波建模

心血管疾病 (CVD) 威胁着许多人的生命并影响他们的生产力。可穿戴传感器可以持续监测血流动力学参数，以改善 CVD 的诊断和管理。Bio-Impedance (Bio-Z) 是一种有效的非侵入式传感器，用于基于动脉中的血容量变化进行动脉脉搏波监测，这是由于其电流信号深入组织内部。然而，测量数据受到电极相对于动脉的放置和电极配置的显着影响。在这项工作中，我们创建了一个 Bio-Z 仿真平台，该平台使用基于时变阻抗网格的 3D 电路模型对组织、动脉脉搏波和 Bio-Z 传感配置进行建模。提出了一种新方法来准确模拟不同的组织类型，如血液、脂肪、肌肉、除了通过可变阻抗模型进行动脉的搏动活动外，还可以在 3D 电路模型中显示骨骼和骨骼。该电路模型在 SPICE 中进行仿真，可用于指导设计决策（ IE相对于动脉和电极配置的电极放置）以优化实验前脉搏波的监测。我们对不同传感器位置、电极尺寸、电流注入频率和动脉深度的动脉脉搏波形进行了广泛的模拟。这些模拟通过实验 Bio-Z 测量得到验证。