This paper examines the aerodynamic mechanisms associated with gust effect factors for windward walls of rigid buildings. The analysis utilizes two experimental databases with 58 rectangular-plan building models. Statistical characteristics of windward wall pressures, such as skewness, kurtosis, and peak factors, are examined along with parameters related to the wind spectra and the aerodynamic admittance. It was found that the statistical characteristics depend primarily on the aspect ratio defined as the ratio of height to breadth, H/B. The results also show that the area-averaged windward wall pressures present Gaussian distributions when the aspect ratio exceeds 6. Moreover, the measured aerodynamic admittance function for area-averaged windward wall pressures, referenced to the mid-height velocity spectra, matches reasonably well with Vickery’s model. The energy content of the wind-induced pressure on windward walls are influenced by horseshoe vortex of low-rise buildings with H/B ​< ​1. The pressure fluctuations at windward wall locations near the edge conjunct with side walls are also influenced by the vortex shedding over side walls for high-rise buildings. The gust effect factor model adopted in ASCE 7–16 is able to accurately assess the gust effect factors for rigid high-rise buildings, but is inaccurate for low-rise buildings, primarily because of the role of the horseshoe vortices.

本文研究了与刚性建筑迎风墙的阵风影响因素相关的空气动力学机理。该分析利用了两个实验数据库和58个矩形平面建筑模型。检查了迎风壁压力的统计特性，例如偏度，峰度和峰值因子，以及与风谱和空气动力学导纳有关的参数。发现统计特征主要取决于纵横比，纵横比定义为高度与宽度之比H / B。结果还表明，当长宽比超过6时，面积平均的迎风壁压力呈现高斯分布。此外，参考中等高度速度谱，测得的面积平均的迎风壁空气动力学导纳函数与中高速度谱具有良好的匹配性。维格里的模型。带有H / B的低层建筑的马蹄涡影响了迎风壁上风压压力的能量含量 <1。高层建筑物的侧壁上的涡旋脱落也影响靠近边缘与侧壁相交处的迎风壁位置处的压力波动。ASCE 7-16中采用的阵风影响因子模型能够准确评估刚性高层建筑的阵风影响因子，但对于低层建筑则不准确，这主要是由于马蹄涡的作用。