Globally, the challenges with extensive consumption and improper disposal of antibiotics have become a menace to public health. This anomaly has contributed to the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. Many of these resistance genes are carried on plasmids, transposons, or integrons, and their origin is linked to anthropogenic sources. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) harbors a vast diversity of microorganisms and are responsible for disseminating ARB/ARGs. The failure of different treatment methods/materials to address the challenges observed with antibiotics resistance in wastewater treatment facilities alters access to quality water in the ecosystem. This paper emphasized the health implication of antibiotic resistance in wastewater and its effect and the pathways for their dissemination from wastewater into receiving waters. Furthermore, the lack of quality data and efforts in removing antibiotics-resistant bacteria and their genes were mentioned in this paper compared to the abundance of data on the prevalence or incidences of these substances in wastewater. Potentials of metallic nanoparticles and their unique properties as a treatment option for removing DNA conveying ARGs from wastewater treatment plants were critically discussed in this paper. Also, other treatment options and their limitations have been extensively discussed. Lastly, this review also highlights the importance of regulating antibiotics and their indiscriminate use.

在全球范围内，抗生素的大量消费和不当处置所带来的挑战已成为公共卫生的威胁。这种异常现象导致环境中抗生素抗性细菌（ARB）和抗生素抗性基因（ARG）的出现和扩散。这些抗性基因中有许多携带在质粒，转座子或整合素上，其起源与人为来源相关。废水处理厂（WWTP）拥有各种各样的微生物，并负责传播ARB / ARG。不同的处理方法/材料未能解决废水处理设施对抗生素耐药性所面临的挑战，从而改变了生态系统中优质水的获取途径。本文强调了废水中抗生素耐药性的健康含义及其作用，以及它们从废水传播到接收水的途径。此外，与大量关于废水中这些物质的流行或发生率的数据相比，本文提到缺乏质量数据以及在去除抗生素抗性细菌及其基因方面的努力。本文对金属纳米颗粒的潜力及其作为从废水处理厂去除DNA转运ARGs的处理选项的独特性能进行了严格的讨论。同样，其他治疗选择及其局限性也被广泛讨论。最后，本综述还强调了调节抗生素及其不加区别地使用抗生素的重要性。