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All waves have a zero tunneling time
Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 , DOI: 10.1515/zna-2020-0299
Günter Nimtz 1 , Horst Aichmann 2
Affiliation  

Zero tunneling time and thereby a faster than light traversal velocity was calculated nearly a hundred years ago and has been observed recently. We report about experimental results and estimations, which confirm the zero time tunneling for elastic as well as for electromagnetic and Schrödinger waves. Zero time tunneling was first observed with microwaves 1992 (H. Aichmann and G. Nimtz, Found. Phys. , vol. 44, p. 678, 2014; A. Enders and G. Nimtz, J. Phys. I , vol. 2, p. 169, 1992). In 2008, zero time was also observed for tunneling electrons (P. Eckle, A. N. Pfeiffer, C. Cirelli, et al., Science , vol. 322, p. 1525, 2008). Presumably, this effect took place with atoms quite recently (R. Ramos, D. Spierings, I. Racicot, and A. M. Steinberg, Nature , vol. 583, p. 529, 2020). The Einstein relation E 2 = ( ħk ) 2 c 2 is not satisfied in the tunneling process, since the wave number k is imaginary (E is the total energy, ħ the Planck constant, and c the vacuum velocity of light), Zero time tunneling is described by virtual photons (A. Stahlhofen and G. Nimtz, Europhys. Lett. , vol. 76, p. 189, 2006). The tunneling process itself violates the Special Theory of Relativity. Remarkably, Brillouin conjectured that wave mechanics is valid for all waves independent of their field (L. Brillouin, Wave Propagation in Periodic Structures, Chap. VIII , New York, Dover Publications, 1953).

中文翻译:

所有波的隧穿时间为零

在近一百年前就已经计算出零隧穿时间,从而比光速快。我们报告了实验结果和估计值,这些结果和结果证实了弹性波以及电磁波和薛定ding波的零时间隧穿。首次在微波1992年观察到零时隧穿(H.Aichmann和G.Nimtz,《发现的物理学》,第44卷,第678页,2014年; A.Enders和G.Nimtz,《物理学的第一卷》,第2卷。 ,p.169,1992)。在2008年,也观察到隧穿电子为零时间(P.Eckle,AN Pfeiffer,C.Cirelli等,Science,第322卷,第1525页,2008)。据推测,这种影响是最近发生的(R. Ramos,D. Spierings,I. Racicot和AM Steinberg,《自然》,第583卷,第529页,2020年)。在隧穿过程中不满足爱因斯坦关系E 2 =(ħk)2 c 2,因为波数k是虚数的(E是总能量,ħ是普朗克常数,c是光的真空速度),零时间虚拟光子描述了隧道效应(A. Stahlhofen和G. Nimtz,Europhys.Lett。,第76卷,第189页,2006年)。隧道过程本身违反了相对论。值得注意的是,布里渊(Brillouin)推测,波浪力学对所有与它们场无关的波浪都是有效的(L.布里渊,《周期性结构中的波浪传播》,第八章,纽约,多佛出版社(Dover Publications),1953年)。2006年)。隧道过程本身违反了相对论。值得注意的是,布里渊(Brillouin)推测,波浪力学对所有与它们场无关的波浪都是有效的(L.布里渊,《周期性结构中的波浪传播》,第八章,纽约,多佛出版社(Dover Publications),1953年)。2006年)。隧道过程本身违反了相对论。值得注意的是,布里渊(Brillouin)推测,波浪力学对所有与它们场无关的波浪都是有效的(L.布里渊,《周期性结构中的波浪传播》,第八章,纽约,多佛出版社(Dover Publications),1953年)。
更新日期:2021-04-02
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