The present study was conducted for developing and validating the Hardiness Based Parenting Behaviors Questionnaire (HBPBQ) for parents of children aged between 7 and 12. Based on a mixed-method approach, the research was carried out through the course of multiple stages. In the item development stage, items were generated by applying deductive and inductive methods. In Study 1, the exploratory factor analysis was evaluated, while Study 2 examined the construct validity of the questionnaire. Selected based on a convenience sampling method, a total of 663 parents made up the sample size of the two studies. In the item development section, three higher-order themes and 13 sub-themes were identified. In Study 1, the results of the exploratory factor analysis demonstrated a three-factor model (responsive interaction, empowering participation, and learning-oriented support) that is consistent with the existing research literature on hardiness. In Study 2, CFA results confirmed the factorial validity of the HBPBQ. The results also demonstrated that HBPBQ shows acceptable reliability and construct validity. Findings indicate that the 37-item HBPBQ can be applied in assessing parents’ hardiness behaviors. However, further research is needed on the dimensions and application of the questionnaire in other cultures.

本研究旨在开发和验证7至12岁儿童父母的基于父母的父母行为准则问卷（HBPBQ）。基于混合方法，该研究是通过多个阶段进行的。在项目开发阶段，通过应用演绎和归纳方法生成项目。在研究1中，对探索性因素分析进行​​了评估，而研究2对问卷的构造效度进行了评估。根据便利抽样方法选择的，共有663位父母组成了两项研究的样本量。在项目开发部分，确定了三个高阶主题和13个子主题。在研究1中，探索性因素分析的结果展示了一个三因素模型（响应性互动，赋权参与，以及以学习为导向的支持），这与现有的关于耐力的研究文献是一致的。在研究2中，CFA结果证实了HBPBQ的阶乘有效性。结果还表明，HBPBQ显示出可接受的可靠性和构建效度。研究结果表明，该37项HBPBQ可用于评估父母的耐力行为。但是，还需要进一步调查问卷在其他文化中的规模和应用。