We have derived the behavior of decadal temperature trends over the 24 h of local time, based on zonal averages of SABER data, for the years 2012 to 2014, from 20 to 100 km, within 48^∘ of the Equator. Similar results have not been available previously. We find that the temperature trends, based on zonal mean measurements at a fixed local time, can be different from those based on measurements made at a different fixed local time. The trends can vary significantly in local time, even from hour to hour. This agrees with some findings based on nighttime lidar measurements. This knowledge is relevant because the large majority of temperature measurements, especially in the stratosphere, are made by instruments on sun-synchronous operational satellites which measure at only one or two fixed local times, for the duration of their missions. In these cases, the zonal mean trends derived from various satellite data are tied to the specific local times at which each instrument samples the data, and the trends are then also biased by the local time. Consequently, care is needed in comparing trends based on various measurements with each other, unless the data are all measured at the same local time. Similar caution is needed when comparing with models, since the zonal means from 3D models reflect averages over both longitude and the 24 h of local time. Consideration is also needed in merging data from various sources to produce generic, continuous, longer-term records. Diurnal variations of temperature themselves, in the form of thermal tides, are well known and are due to absorption of solar radiation. We find that at least part of the reason that temperature trends are different for different local times is that the amplitudes and phases of the tides themselves follow trends over the same time span of the data. Many of the past efforts have focused on the temperature values with local time when merging data from various sources and on the effect of unintended satellite orbital drifts, which result in drifting local times at which the temperatures are measured. However, the effect of local time on trends has not been well researched. We also derive estimates of trends by simulating the drift of local time due to drifting orbits. Our comparisons with results found by others (Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit, AMSU; lidar) are favorable and informative. They may explain, at least in part, the bridge between results based on daytime AMSU data and nighttime lidar measurements. However, these examples do not form a pattern, and more comparisons and study are needed.

中文翻译：

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温度的年代际趋势及其与下热圈，平流层和中层大气日变化的关系，基于TIME的SABER的测量

我们得出的年代际温度趋势行为在本地时间24小时，基于SABER数据的纬向平均值，为2012年-到2014年，20至100 公里，在48 ^∘赤道。以前没有类似的结果。我们发现，基于在固定本地时间的区域平均测量值的温度趋势可能与基于在不同固定本地时间的测量值的温度趋势不同。该趋势在本地时间可能会发生很大的变化，甚至是每小时都在变化。这与基于夜间激光雷达测量的一些发现相吻合。由于大多数温度测量（尤其是在平流层中）是通过太阳同步运行卫星上的仪器进行测量的，因此这些知识是很重要的，这些卫星在其任务期间仅在一个或两个固定的本地时间进行测量。在这些情况下，源自各种卫星数据的纬向平均趋势与每种仪器对数据进行采样的特定本地时间相关，然后趋势也会因当地时间而有偏差。因此，除非将所有数据都在同一本地时间进行测量，否则需要谨慎地将基于各种测量的趋势进行相互比较。与模型进行比较时，需要采取类似的谨慎措施，因为3D模型的区域平均值反映了经度和当地时间的24小时内的平均值。在合并来自各种来源的数据以生成通用的，连续的，长期的记录时，也需要考虑。以潮汐形式出现的温度本身的昼夜变化是众所周知的，这是由于吸收了太阳辐射。我们发现，在不同的本地时间温度趋势不同的至少部分原因是潮汐的振幅和相位本身在数据的同一时间跨度内都遵循趋势。过去的许多努力都集中在合并来自各种来源的数据时，将温度值与本地时间相结合，以及非预期的卫星轨道漂移的影响，这会导致测量温度的本地时间漂移。但是，当地时间对趋势的影响尚未得到很好的研究。我们还通过模拟轨道漂移引起的当地时间漂移来得出趋势估计。我们与其他人（先进微波探测装置，AMSU；激光雷达）发现的结果进行比较是有益且有益的。他们可能至少部分地解释了基于白天AMSU数据的结果与夜间激光雷达测量结果之间的桥梁。但是，这些示例没有形成模式，需要进行更多的比较和研究。