Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent debilitating age-related skeletal disease. The hallmark of OA is the degradation of articular cartilage that cushions the joint during movement. It is characterized by chronic pain and disability. Magnesium, a critical trace element in the human body, plays a pivotal role in metabolism homeostasis and the energy balance. Humans obtain magnesium mainly from the diet. However, inadequate magnesium intake is not uncommon. Moreover, the magnesium status deteriorates with ageing. There has been a growing body of clinical studies pointing to an intimate relationship between dietary magnesium and OA although the conclusion remains controversial. As reported, the magnesium ion concentration is essential to determine cell fate. Firstly, the low-concentration magnesium ions induced human fibroblasts senescence. Magnesium supplementation was also able to mitigate chondrocyte apoptosis, and to facilitate chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. In this literature review, we will outline the existing evidence in animals and humans. We will also discuss the controversies on plasma or intracellular level of magnesium as the indicator of magnesium status. In addition, we put forward the interplay between dietary magnesium intake and intestinal microbiome to modulate the inflammatory milieu in the conjecture of OA pathogenesis. This leads to an emerging hypothesis that the synergistic effect of magnesium and probiotics may open a new avenue for the prevention and treatment of OA.

骨关节炎 (OA) 是一种普遍的使人衰弱的与年龄相关的骨骼疾病。OA 的标志是在运动过程中缓冲关节的关节软骨退化。它的特点是慢性疼痛和残疾。镁是人体内重要的微量元素，在新陈代谢稳态和能量平衡中起着举足轻重的作用。人类主要从饮食中获取镁。然而，镁摄入量不足并不少见。此外，镁的状态随着老化而恶化。越来越多的临床研究指出膳食镁与 OA 之间存在密切关系，尽管结论仍有争议。据报道，镁离子浓度对于确定细胞命运至关重要。首先，低浓度镁离子诱导人成纤维细胞衰老。补充镁还能够减轻软骨细胞凋亡，并促进软骨细胞增殖和分化。在这篇文献综述中，我们将概述动物和人类的现有证据。我们还将讨论关于镁的血浆或细胞内水平作为镁状态指标的争议。此外，我们提出膳食镁摄入量与肠道微生物组之间的相互作用以调节 OA 发病机制中的炎症环境。这导致了一个新的假设，即镁和益生菌的协同作用可能为预防和治疗 OA 开辟一条新途径。我们将概述动物和人类的现有证据。我们还将讨论关于镁的血浆或细胞内水平作为镁状态指标的争议。此外，我们提出膳食镁摄入量与肠道微生物组之间的相互作用以调节 OA 发病机制中的炎症环境。这导致了一个新的假设，即镁和益生菌的协同作用可能为预防和治疗 OA 开辟一条新途径。我们将概述动物和人类的现有证据。我们还将讨论关于镁的血浆或细胞内水平作为镁状态指标的争议。此外，我们提出膳食镁摄入量与肠道微生物组之间的相互作用以调节 OA 发病机制中的炎症环境。这导致了一个新的假设，即镁和益生菌的协同作用可能为预防和治疗 OA 开辟一条新途径。