Over the last six decades production of laboratory rodents have been refined with the aim of eliminating all pathogens, which could influence research results. This has, however, also created rodents with little diversity in their microbiota. Until 10 years ago the impact of the microbiota on the outcome of rodent studies was ignored, but today it is clear that the phenotype of rodent models differs essentially in relation to the environment of origin, i.e. different breeders or different rooms. In this review, we outline the mechanisms behind gut bacterial impact on rodent models of immune mediated diseases, and how differences in environment of origin leads to phenotypic model differences within research areas such as infectious diseases and vaccine development, the metabolic syndrome, gut immunity and inflammation, autoimmunity and allergy. Finally, we sum up some tools to handle this impact to increase reproducibility and translatability of rodent models.

在过去的六年中，实验室啮齿动物的生产已经得到改进，目的是消除所有可能影响研究结果的病原体。然而，这也创造了微生物群几乎没有多样性的啮齿动物。直到 10 年前，微生物群对啮齿动物研究结果的影响一直被忽视，但今天很明显，啮齿动物模型的表型与起源环境（即不同的饲养者或不同的房间）有本质的不同。在这篇综述中，我们概述了肠道细菌对免疫介导疾病啮齿动物模型的影响背后的机制，以及起源环境的差异如何导致传染病和疫苗开发、代谢综合征、肠道免疫和炎症、自身免疫和过敏。