This article analyses economic and legal issues in the WTO dispute between Morocco and Turkey over hot-rolled steel. Over 2013–2014, the Moroccan government conducted an antidumping investigation against two Turkish steel producers. Morocco's investigation concluded that Turkish dumping was retarding the establishment of a new domestic industry; antidumping duties were imposed against both Turkish producers. Turkey filed a complaint at the WTO in 2016, asserting procedural and substantive violations. The Panel found that Morocco had acted inconsistently with a number of WTO obligations, including those regarding its injury investigation. Although Morocco initially appealed the Panel's decision, it withdrew its appeal after the antidumping duties expired in September 2019. This case is unusual and important in that it was the first antidumping case in which a country sought to use antidumping duties to protect a newly developing industry. The Panel may have missed an opportunity to explore the definition of an ‘unestablished’ industry for purposes of determining injury in an antidumping investigation.

中文翻译：

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确立反倾销政策的新角色：保护未建立的产业（摩洛哥-热轧钢（土耳其））

本文分析了摩洛哥和土耳其在 WTO 热轧钢争端中的经济和法律问题。2013-2014 年间，摩洛哥政府对两家土耳其钢铁生产商进行了反倾销调查。摩洛哥的调查得出结论，土耳其的倾销阻碍了新的国内产业的建立；对这两家土耳其生产商征收反倾销税。土耳其于 2016 年向世贸组织提起诉讼，声称存在程序和实质性违规行为。专家小组发现，摩洛哥的行为不符合 WTO 的一些义务，包括有关其损害调查的义务。尽管摩洛哥最初对专家组的决定提出上诉，但在反倾销税于 2019 年 9 月到期后撤回了上诉。本案的不同寻常和重要之处在于它是第一起一个国家试图利用反倾销税来保护新兴产业的反倾销案。为了确定反倾销调查中的损害，专家组可能错过了探索“未建立”行业定义的机会。