The use of human cell lines and primary cells as in vitro models represents a valuable approach to study cellular responses to infection. However, with the advent of new molecular technologies and tools available, there is a growing need to develop more physiologically relevant systems to overcome cell line model limitations and better mimic human disease. Since the discovery of human stem cells, its use has revolutionised the development of in vitro models. This is because after differentiation, these cells have the potential to reflect in vivo cell phenotypes and allow for probing questions in numerous fields of the biological sciences. Moreover, the possibility to combine the advantages of stem cell-derived cell types with genome editing technologies and engineered 3D microenvironments, provides enormous potential for producing in vitro systems to investigate cellular responses to infection that are both relevant and predictive. Here, we discuss recent advances in the use of human stem cells to model host-pathogen interactions, highlighting emerging technologies in the field of stem cell biology that can be exploited to investigate the fundamental biology of infection.

中文翻译：

---

用于研究宿主-病原体相互作用的基于人类干细胞的模型

使用人类细胞系和原代细胞作为体外模型是研究细胞对感染的反应的一种有价值的方法。然而，随着新分子技术和工具的出现，越来越需要开发更多的生理相关系统来克服细胞系模型的局限性并更好地模拟人类疾病。自从人类干细胞被发现以来，它的使用彻底改变了体外模型的发展。这是因为分化后，这些细胞有可能反映体内细胞表型，并允许在生物科学的众多领域中探索问题。此外，将干细胞衍生细胞类型的优势与基因组编辑技术和工程化 3D 微环境相结合的可能性，为生产体外系统以研究细胞对感染的相关性和预测性反应提供了巨大的潜力。在这里，我们讨论了使用人类干细胞模拟宿主-病原体相互作用的最新进展，重点介绍了干细胞生物学领域的新兴技术，这些技术可用于研究感染的基本生物学。