The replication and assembly of vaccinia virus (VACV), the prototypic poxvirus, occurs exclusively in the cytoplasm of host cells. While the role of cellular cytoskeletal components in these processes remains poorly understood, vimentin—a type III intermediate filament—has been shown to associate with viral replication sites and to be incorporated into mature VACV virions. Here, we employed chemical and genetic approaches to further investigate the role of vimentin during the VACV lifecycle. The collapse of vimentin filaments, using acrylamide, was found to inhibit VACV infection at the level of genome replication, intermediate- and late-gene expression. However, we found that CRISPR-mediated knockout of vimentin did not impact VACV replication. Combining these tools, we demonstrate that acrylamide treatment results in the formation of anti-viral granules (AVGs) known to mediate translational inhibition of many viruses. We conclude that vimentin is dispensable for poxvirus replication and assembly and that acrylamide, as a potent inducer of AVGs during VACV infection, serves to bolster cell's anti-viral response to poxvirus infection.

中文翻译：

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丙烯酰胺通过不依赖波形蛋白的抗病毒颗粒形成抑制牛痘病毒

我们证明丙烯酰胺处理导致形成已知介导许多病毒的翻译抑制的抗病毒颗粒 (AVG)。我们得出结论，波形蛋白对于痘病毒的复制和组装是可有可无的，并且丙烯酰胺作为 VACV 感染期间 AVG 的有效诱导剂，有助于增强细胞对痘病毒感染的抗病毒反应。