Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, has boomed over the last 30 years, and its use has accelerated during the last 5 years. AM is a materials-oriented manufacturing technology, and printing resolution versus printing scalability/speed trade-off exists among various types of materials, including polymers, metals, ceramics, glasses, and composite materials. Four-dimensional (4D) printing, together with versatile transformation systems, drives researchers to achieve and utilize high dimensional AM. Multiple perspectives of the AM of structural materials have been raised and illustrated in this review, including multi-material AM (MMa-AM), multi-modulus AM (MMo-AM), multi-scale AM (MSc-AM), multi-system AM (MSy-AM), multi-dimensional AM (MD-AM), and multi-function AM (MF-AM). The rapid and tremendous development of AM materials and methods offers great potential for structural applications, such as in the aerospace field, the biomedical field, electronic devices, nuclear industry, flexible and wearable devices, soft sensors, actuators, and robotics, jewelry and art decorations, land transportation, underwater devices, and porous structures.

增材制造（AM），也称为三维（3D）打印，在过去30年中蓬勃发展，并且在最近5年中，其用途得到了加速。AM是一种面向材料的制造技术，并且在各种类型的材料（包括聚合物，金属，陶瓷，玻璃和复合材料）中存在打印分辨率与打印可缩放性/速度折衷之间的关系。四维（4D）打印与多功能转换系统一起驱动研究人员实现和利用高维AM。本文对结构材料的增材制造提出了多种观点，并进行了说明，包括多材料增材制造（MMa-AM），多模量增材制造（MMo-AM），多尺度增材制造（MSc-AM），多材料增材制造（AM）。系统AM（MSy-AM），多维AM（MD-AM）和多功能AM（MF-AM）。