Antarctic ice sheet and climate evolution during the mid-Miocene has direct relevance for understanding ice sheet (in)stability and the long-term response to elevated atmospheric CO₂ in the future. Geologic records reconstruct major fluctuations in the volume and extent of marine and terrestrial ice during the mid-Miocene, revealing a dynamic Antarctic ice-sheet response to past climatic variations. We use an ensemble of climate – ice sheet – vegetation model simulations spanning a range of CO₂ concentrations, Transantarctic Mountain uplift scenarios, and glacial/interglacial climatic conditions to identify climate and ice-sheet conditions consistent with Antarctic mid-Miocene terrestrial and marine geological records. We explore climatic variability at both continental and regional scales, focusing specifically on Victoria Land and Wilkes Land Basin regions using a high-resolution nested climate model over these domains. We find that peak warmth during the Miocene Climate Optimum is characterized by a thick terrestrial ice sheet receded from the coastline under high CO₂ concentrations. During the Middle Miocene Climate Transition, CO₂ episodically dropped below a threshold value for marine-based ice expansion. Comparison of model results with geologic data support ongoing Transantarctic Mountain uplift throughout the mid-Miocene. Modeled ice sheet dynamics over the Wilkes Land Basin were highly sensitive to CO₂ concentrations. This work provides a continental-wide context for localized geologic paleoclimate and vegetation records, integrating multiple datasets to reconstruct snapshots of ice sheet and climatic conditions during a pivotal period in Earth's history.

中新世中期的南极冰盖和气候演变与了解冰盖的（不稳定）稳定性以及未来对大气CO ₂升高的长期响应有着直接的关系。地质记录重建了中新世中期海洋和陆地冰的体积和范围的主要波动，揭示了南极冰盖对过去气候变化的动态响应。我们使用了一系列气候-冰盖-涵盖了一系列CO _2的植被模型模拟浓度，跨南极山隆升的情景以及冰川/冰川间气候条件，以识别符合南极中新世中期陆相和海洋地质记录的气候和冰盖条件。我们使用这些区域的高分辨率嵌套气候模型，探索了大陆和区域尺度的气候变异性，特别关注维多利亚州土地和威尔克斯土地盆地地区。我们发现，在中新世气候最适时期，峰值温暖的特征是在高CO ₂浓度下从海岸线退去的厚厚的陆地冰原。中新世中期气候变化期间，CO ₂明显下降到基于海洋的冰膨胀的阈值以下。模型结果与地质数据的比较支持了中新世中期贯穿南极山的隆升。威尔克斯陆地盆地上模拟的冰盖动力学对CO ₂浓度高度敏感。这项工作为局部地质古气候和植被记录提供了整个大陆的背景，整合了多个数据集以重建地球历史上关键时期的冰盖和气候条件快照。